342 research outputs found
The effect of mergers and acquisitions on company’s performance
This paper analyse the sample of 99 M&A transactions by U.S. publicly listed firm from 2003 to 2004 based on the Securities Data Corporation database. In the average, the acquiring firm has significant negative cumulative abnormal return from the M&A transaction base on the short-term analysis; the different type of the target firm and method of the payment, also play very important rule in the M&A, since the variation could arise from the different characteristics of the target and bid. Result indicate the smaller acquiring firm, and the smaller relative size between target and acquiring firm have smaller negative cumulative abnormal return to the acquiring firm than others; merger in the different industry have less negative return for acquiring firm compare to same industry acquisition; furthermore, the cash payment is more attractive compare to stock and other payment in three-day and five-day event windows, since they have smaller negative return for the acquiring firm, but not in the eleven-day event window
Optimal Synthesis of Stabilizer Codes via MaxSAT
Quantum Error Correction (QEC) codes are crucial for achieving fault-tolerant
quantum computing in the long term. However, efficiently implementing these
codes on hardware poses significant challenges, including hardware connectivity
matching, efficient circuit scheduling, and fault-tolerance enforcement. In
this study, we present an optimal synthesizer that stitches generic stabilizer
codes onto diverse hardware structures via MaxSAT. Our evaluation demonstrates
(1) the capability of our approach to be applied for various codes and devices
and (2) the consistently better efficiency than the best prior heuristic
approaches that only target specific QEC codes. By bridging the gap between
high-level QEC code design and low-level hardware constraints, this work paves
the way toward achieving long-term fault-tolerant quantum computing goals
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Genome-wide comparison of DNA hydroxymethylation in mouse embryonic stem cells and neural progenitor cells by a new comparative hMeDIP-seq method
The genome-wide distribution patterns of the ‘6th base’ 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in many tissues and cells have recently been revealed by hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation (hMeDIP) followed by high throughput sequencing or tiling arrays. However, it has been challenging to directly compare different data sets and samples using data generated by this method. Here, we report a new comparative hMeDIP-seq method, which involves barcoding different input DNA samples at the start and then performing hMeDIP-seq for multiple samples in one hMeDIP reaction. This approach extends the barcode technology from simply multiplexing the DNA deep sequencing outcome and provides significant advantages for quantitative control of all experimental steps, from unbiased hMeDIP to deep sequencing data analysis. Using this improved method, we profiled and compared the DNA hydroxymethylomes of mouse ES cells (ESCs) and mouse ESC-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs). We identified differentially hydroxymethylated regions (DHMRs) between ESCs and NPCs and uncovered an intricate relationship between the alteration of DNA hydroxymethylation and changes in gene expression during neural lineage commitment of ESCs. Presumably, the DHMRs between ESCs and NPCs uncovered by this approach may provide new insight into the function of 5hmC in gene regulation and neural differentiation. Thus, this newly developed comparative hMeDIP-seq method provides a cost-effective and user-friendly strategy for direct genome-wide comparison of DNA hydroxymethylation across multiple samples, lending significant biological, physiological and clinical implications
A microfabricated surface ion trap on a high-finesse optical mirror
A novel approach to optics integration in ion traps is demonstrated based on
a surface electrode ion trap that is microfabricated on top of a dielectric
mirror. Additional optical losses due to fabrication are found to be as low as
80 ppm for light at 422 nm. The integrated mirror is used to demonstrate light
collection from, and imaging of, a single 88 Sr+ ion trapped m
above the mirror.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Mitochondrial lineage M1 traces an early human backflow to Africa
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens
Evaluating Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across
a broad spectrum of tasks. They have attracted significant attention and been
deployed in numerous downstream applications. Nevertheless, akin to a
double-edged sword, LLMs also present potential risks. They could suffer from
private data leaks or yield inappropriate, harmful, or misleading content.
Additionally, the rapid progress of LLMs raises concerns about the potential
emergence of superintelligent systems without adequate safeguards. To
effectively capitalize on LLM capacities as well as ensure their safe and
beneficial development, it is critical to conduct a rigorous and comprehensive
evaluation of LLMs.
This survey endeavors to offer a panoramic perspective on the evaluation of
LLMs. We categorize the evaluation of LLMs into three major groups: knowledge
and capability evaluation, alignment evaluation and safety evaluation. In
addition to the comprehensive review on the evaluation methodologies and
benchmarks on these three aspects, we collate a compendium of evaluations
pertaining to LLMs' performance in specialized domains, and discuss the
construction of comprehensive evaluation platforms that cover LLM evaluations
on capabilities, alignment, safety, and applicability.
We hope that this comprehensive overview will stimulate further research
interests in the evaluation of LLMs, with the ultimate goal of making
evaluation serve as a cornerstone in guiding the responsible development of
LLMs. We envision that this will channel their evolution into a direction that
maximizes societal benefit while minimizing potential risks. A curated list of
related papers has been publicly available at
https://github.com/tjunlp-lab/Awesome-LLMs-Evaluation-Papers.Comment: 111 page
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