Uncertainty Evaluation in Multistage Assembly Process Based on Enhanced OOPN

This study investigated the uncertainty of the multistage assembly process from the viewpoint of a stream of defects in the product assembly process. The vulnerable spots were analyzed and the fluctuations were controlled during this process. An uncertainty evaluation model was developed for the assembly process on the basis of an object-oriented Petri net (OOPN) by replacing its transition function with a fitted defect changing function. The definition of entropy in physics was applied to characterize the uncertainty of the model in evaluating the assembly process. The uncertainty was then measured as the entropy of the semi-Markov chain, which could be used to calculate the uncertainty of a specific subset of places, as well as the entire process. The OOPN model could correspond to the Markov process because its reachable token can be directly mapped to the Markov process. Using the steady-state probability combined with the uncertainty evaluation, the vulnerable spots in the assembly process were identified and a scanning test program was proposed to improve the quality of the assembly process. Finally, this work analyzed the assembly process on the basis of the uncertainty of the assembly structure and the variables of the assembly process. Finally, the case of a certain product assembly process was analyzed to test the advantages of this method

Screening Scheme Evaluation of the Assembly Process Based on the Stress-Strength Model and Defect Stream Analysis

During the assembly process, there are inevitable variations and noise factors in the material properties, process parameters and screening scheme, which may affect the quality of the product. Using the stress-strength model, an evaluated screening scheme method, by analyzing the variation of the defect density in the assembly process, is proposed and discussed. The influence of screening stress on product defects is considered to determine the screening scheme. We performed the defect stream analysis by calculating the recursive relations of residual defect density under multi-stress conditions. We find that the probability density function, which shows the defect changing process from latent to dominant relative to the time process, agrees very well with the historical data. We also calculate the risk as the entropy of the assembly task. Finally, we verify our method by analyzing the assembly process of a certain product

The statistical properties analysis of reconstruction error in greedy pursuit algorithms: Taking OMP as an example

Abstract Greedy pursuit algorithms are widely used in sparse signal processing for their computational efficiency. However, research on the reconstruction error properties is far from comprehensive. This paper derives the statistical properties of reconstruction error in greedy pursuit algorithms, including probability density function (PDF), expectation, and covariance. The reconstruction error follows a mixture distribution, which is composed of multiple multivariate random variables and weighted by the probability of support sets. The multivariate random variable obeys a truncated distribution that results from restricting the noise domain. The validity of the derivations is verified by using the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm as an example

Mirrored coprime array design using sum‐difference coarray optimisation

Abstract The sum‐difference coarray (SDCA) is the union of the sum coarray (SCA) and difference coarray (DCA), which has higher degrees‐of‐freedom (DOF) than that of the DCA, resulting in a better direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation performance. However, existing passive sparse arrays require spatial and temporal information to construct SDCA. In this study, a mirrored coprime array (MCA) is designed to implement SDCA using only spatial information. First, the SCA and DCA are recovered from the vectorised covariance matrix via the transform matrix. A Tikhonov regularisation method is proposed to reduce the rank‐deficiency effect of the transform matrix. The SCA has the potential to fill the holes in the DCA by adjusting the mirror position since the mirror determines the virtual sensor locations of the SCA. Then, the closed‐form expressions of the mirror position and virtual array aperture are derived for the hole‐free SDCA. The consecutive lags of the optimised SDCA are much larger than those of the DCA, significantly increasing the DOF. Numerical simulations verify that the MCA outperforms the non‐mirrored one with respect to the DOA estimation accuracy and resolution

The skeleton of 5,7-fused bicyclic imidazole-diazepine for heat-resistant energetic materials

In light of the low yields and complex reaction routes of some well-known 5,5-fused and 5,6-fused bicyclic compounds, a series of 5,7-fused bicyclic imidazole-diazepine compounds were developed with high yields by only two efficient steps. Significantly, the seven-membered heterocyclic ring has a stable energetic skeleton with multiple modifiable sites. However, the 5,7-fused bicyclic energetic compounds were rarely reported in the area of energetic materials. Three neutral compounds 1, 2 and 4 were synthesized in this work. To improve the detonation performances of the 5,7-fused neutral compounds, corresponding perchlorate 1a and 2a were further developed. The physicochemical and energetic performances of all newly developed compounds were experimentally determined. All newly prepared energetic compounds exhibit high decomposition temperatures (Td: 243.8–336 °C) and low mechanical sensitivities (IS: >15 J, FS: >280 N). Among them, the velocities performances of 1a (Dv = 7651 m/s) and 4 (Dv = 7600 m/s) are comparable to that of typical heat-resistant energetic material HNS (Dv = 7612 m/s). Meanwhile, the high decomposition temperature and low mechanical sensitivities (Td = 336 °C; IS = 32 J; FS > 353 N) of 4 are superior to that of HNS (Td = 318 °C; IS = 5 J; FS = 250 N). Hence, the 5,7-fused bicyclic compounds with high thermostability, low sensitivities and adjustable detonation performance have a clear tendency to open up a new space for the development of heat-resistant energetic materials

Bone Marrow Angiogenesis: Angiogenesis in Liquid Tumors: An In Vitro Assay for Leukemic Cell Induced Bone Marrow Angiogenesis (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 9/2016)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/119109/1/adhm201670042.pd

Circulating IL-27 Is Elevated in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Cytokines are key immunoregulatory molecules that regulate T lymphocyte-mediated immune responses and inflammatory reactions. We determined whether there is aberrant expression of interleukin-27 (IL-27) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and investigated the clinical significance of these changes. IL-27 is a key cellular factor that regulates the differentiation of CD4+ T cells, which can secrete interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in vivo. Concentrations of serum IL-27 in 67 RA patients, and 36 sex- and age-matched control subjects were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that concentrations of serum IL-27 in all RA patients were significantly higher than in healthy control subjects, and there was a significant and positive correlation between serum IL-27 levels and disease activity in all RA patients. Levels of serum IL-27 in RA patients were significantly correlated with disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28). Moreover, immunosuppressive treatment with leflunomide downregulated the levels of IL-27 in active RA patients. Therefore, the elevated production of circulating T cell inflammatory factors contributes to the pathogenesis of RA, and serum IL-27 could potentially serve as a new biomarker of RA disease activity

Ionic liquids with reversible photo-induced conductivity regulation in aqueous solution

Abstract Stimulus-responsive ionic liquids have gained significant attention for their applications in various areas. Herein, three kinds of azobenzimidazole ionic liquids with reversible photo-induced conductivity regulation were designed and synthesized. The change of electrical conductivity under UV/visible light irradiation in aqueous solution was studied, and the effect of chemical structure and concentration of ionic liquids containing azobenzene to the regulation of photoresponse conductivity were discussed. The results showed that exposing the ionic liquid aqueous solution to ultraviolet light significantly increased its conductivity. Ionic liquids with longer alkyl chains exhibited an even greater increase in conductivity, up to 75.5%. Then under the irradiation of visible light, the electrical conductivity of the solution returned to its initial value. Further exploration of the mechanism of the reversible photo-induced conductivity regulation of azobenzene ionic liquids aqueous solution indicated that this may attributed to the formation/dissociation of ionic liquids aggregates in aqueous solution induced by the isomerization of azobenzene under UV/visible light irradiation and resulted the reversible conductivity regulation. This work provides a way for the molecular designing and performance regulation of photo-responsive ionic liquid and were expected to be applied in devices with photoconductive switching and micro photocontrol properties