The origin of MeV gamma-ray diffuse emission from the inner Galactic region

The origin of the inner Galactic emission, measured by COMPTEL with a flux of $\sim ~ 10^{-2}$ MeV cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ sr$^{-1}$ in the 1-30 MeV range, has remained unsettled since its discovery in 1994. We investigate the origin of this emission by taking into account individual sources which are not resolved by COMPTEL and the Galactic diffuse emission. The source contribution is estimated for sources crossmatched between the Swift-BAT and Fermi-LAT catalogs by interpolating the energy spectra in the hard X-ray and GeV gamma-ray ranges, as well as unmatched sources. This results in a flux of $\sim$20% of the COMPTEL excess. The Galactic diffuse emission is calculated by GALPROP to reconcile the cosmic-ray and gamma-ray spectra with observations by AMS-02, Voyager, and Fermi-LAT, resulting in a flux of $\sim$30-80% of the COMPTEL emission. Thus, we show that the COMPTEL emission could be roughly reproduced by a combination of the sources and the Galactic diffuse emission. Furthermore, combined with the extragalactic emission, we construct all-sky images in the MeV gamma-ray range to pinpoint some potential interesting targets for future missions, which would be critical for bridging the MeV gap in the spectra of gamma-ray sources.Comment: Proceedings of Science; 7th Heidelberg International Symposium on High-Energy Gamma-Ray Astronomy (Gamma2022), 4-8 July 2022, Barcelona, Spai

ノウソッチュウ チョウキュウセイキ ニオケル ガゾウ シンダン プロトコール

We described our imaging protocol for apoplexy to select a therapeutic way. The recent advance of MR technology much contributes to diagnosis of cerebral ischemic disease. Especially the EPI method is now applied to clinical MR machine and make possible to obtain diffusion-weighted images (DWI) with excellent quality, which can detect super-acute phase of cerebral infarction. Then we choose MRI as the first modality conducted for patients of apoplexy and measured DWI and perfusion MRI before conducting conventional cerebral angiography. The mismatch area between DWI and perfusion MRI will suggest the necessity of re-circulation therapy because rescuable neuronal cells from ischemia will exist in the mismatch area. Furthermore cerebral hemorrhage can be detected using EPI-T2 weighted images and DWI, and the luxury perfusion will be also evaluated by perfusion MRI. Therefore we considered that MR examination could be the first modality conducted for diagnosis of cerebral vascular accident of acute phase

Two cases of retroperitoneal hematoma caused by combination of anticoagulant therapy and 5-fluorouracil

We reported two cases of retroperitoneal hematoma in patients who received a combination of anticoagulant therapy and5-fluorouracil (5-FU). We should be aware of the possible interaction of this combination therapy and monitor prothrombin time (PT) prolongation. CT is useful for evaluation of the disease

Spectrophotometric determination of sodium and potassium by FIA coupled with separation on a silica column and solvent extraction

シリカゲルカラムによるNa(+)とK(+)の分離及びクラウン錯体の陰イオン染料とのイオン会合体の溶媒抽出を組み込んだFIAによる吸光光度法を検討した.内経1mm,長さ20cmのPTFEチューブに100～200メッシュのシリカゲルを詰めたカラムを用いた.溶離液として,5×10(-3)Mベンゾ-18-クラウン-6及び,10(-2)M酢酸リチウムを含む水溶液を用いた.分析イオンを含む溶出液は試薬溶液(5×10(-4)Mの4'-ジエチルアミノ-2,5-ジクロロアゾベンゼン-4-スルホン酸イオン,5×10(-3)Mのベンゾ-18-クラウン-6,10(-3)MのEDTA及び3×10(-3)Mの水酸化リチウムを含む)と混合され,T字型セグメンターで抽出溶媒(ベンゼン+クロロベンゼン=1+1)と合流し,抽出コイル中で抽出が行われた.ポリテトラフルオロエチレン膜を備えた相分離器により,有機相は分離され,8μlのフローセルで450nmの吸光度が測定された.1×10(-4)M～2×10(-3)MのNa(+),5×10(-6)M～1×10(-4)MのK(+)に対して,検量線は直線となった.Sodium and potassium ions were spectrophotometrically determined by solvent extraction flow injection incorporated with a silica gel column. The ion association complexes which formed between alkali metal-crown ether complexes and an anionic dye were extracted into an organic phase and the absorbance of the organic phase was measured after the phase separation by a phase separator with a poly(tetrafluoroethylene) porous membrane (pore size: 0.8 μm). Sodium and potassium were separated on a silica gel column (1 mm i.d.×20 cm; 100200 mesh silica gel). Four streams, a carrier, an eluent, a reagent solution and an extraction solvent, were propelled at the flow rate of 0.8 ml min(-1) The carrier was distilled water. The eluent contained 10(-2) M lithium acetate and 5×10(-3) M benzo-18-crown-6 (B18C6), and the reagent solution consisted of 5×10(-4) M 4-diethylamino-2, 5-dichloroazobenzene-4-sulfonate, 5×10(-3) M B18C6, 10(-3)M EDTA (dilithium salt) and 3×10(-3) M lithium hydroxide. The extraction solvent was a mixture of benzene and chlorobenzene (1+1). The absorbance was continuously measured at 450 nm with a 8 μl flow cell (path length: 10 mm). Calibration curves for sodium and potassium were linear in the range from 1×10(-4) M to 2×10(-3) M and from 5×10(-6) M to 1×10(-4) M, respectively. The sampling rate was about 20 samples per hour

Spectrophotometric Determination of Calcium with Dicyclohexano- 24-crown-8 and Propyl Orange by Solvent Extraction/Flow Injection Method

Calcium in water was determined by a spectrophotometric method involving flow injection coupled with solvent extraction. An ion association complex which formed between a calcium-crown complex ion and a dye anion was extracted into an organic solvent and the absorbance of the organic phase was measured after phase separation. Six derivatives of alkylaminophenylazobenzene sulfonic acid and tetrabromophenolphthalein ethylester were examined as counter anions with dicyclohexano-24-crown-8, and a mixture of benzene and chlorobenzene was examined as an extraction solvent. A suitable method for calcium determination in water was one with Propyl Orange and a (1+1 v/ v) mixture of benzene and chlorobenzene. The carrier stream was distilled water, while the reagent stream was comprised of a dye anion and lithium hydroxide. The sampling rate was 20 -30 per hour. The calibration graph was linear at concentrations up to 10.4 M using samples of 100 µl. The detection limit corresponding to a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 2X10-' M; the relative standard deviation was 0.99% for 10 injections of 5X10-5 M calcium solution. Calcium in river water was determined satisfactorily by the proposed method

Spectrophotometric Determination of Calcium with Dicyclohexano- 24-crown-8 and Propyl Orange by Solvent Extraction/Flow Injection Method

Calcium in water was determined by a spectrophotometric method involving flow injection coupled with solvent extraction. An ion association complex which formed between a calcium-crown complex ion and a dye anion was extracted into an organic solvent and the absorbance of the organic phase was measured after phase separation. Six derivatives of alkylaminophenylazobenzene sulfonic acid and tetrabromophenolphthalein ethylester were examined as counter anions with dicyclohexano-24-crown-8, and a mixture of benzene and chlorobenzene was examined as an extraction solvent. A suitable method for calcium determination in water was one with Propyl Orange and a (1+1 v/v) mixture of benzene and chlorobenzene. The carrier stream was distilled water, while the reagent stream was comprised of a dye anion and lithium hydroxide. The sampling rate was 20-30 per hour. The calibration graph was linear at concentrations up to 10(-4)M using samples of 100μl. The detection limit corresponding to a signal-to-noise ratio of 3 was 2×10(-7)M; the relative standard deviation was 0.99% for 10 injections of 5×10(-5)M calcium solution. Calcium in river water was determined satisfactorily by the proposed method