65 research outputs found
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¬çæŽè·äºæ¥ã®çºå±ãäžã€ã«ãŸãšããŠäœç³»çã«ç€ºãããšãå°é£ã§ãããããæ¬çš¿ã§ã¯åã
ã®æ¶å©é åãã©ã®ããã«çºå±ããŠããããå°ãªããšããã®åºæ¬çç¹è³ªãè¿°ã¹ãããšãšãããThe development of the poor relief system in Germany, or the process of expansion and subdivision of support by towns and villages, was the embodied process of the concept of citizens\u27 social reform led by studies. Both of the tendency of studies and rationalization were the fundamental principle for public support by towns and villages and the reform and expansion of the private charitable work. Above all, the study that determined the contents of supporting facilities provided by towns and villages was the study of preventive health. "Health" is the key word, and even if the political viewpoints are opposed, this value can reach a consensus. Therefore, support by towns and villages gradually developed into "human services" such as advising individually. Since it\u27s difficult to systematize the process of the development of such public support business, we describe how each field of support has developed, at least its basic characteristics
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£æ¹é©ãšå°±åŽæ¯æŽã«ã€ããŠæŽçãïŒãã«ãæ¹é©ã®å¹æã«ãèšåãããïŒEstablishment of the minimum life security with actual effects cannot be fully realized only through the "safety net" to support needy persons who require relief assistance in their lives. From a view point of "re-inclusion" of a person with working capacity in a labor market after providing minimum life security, the focus of necessary welfare reform will be put first on the elimination of institutional factors that impede the "inclusion" of people, who require relief assistance and have working capacity, in the labor market. The unemployment benefits and social assistance reform in Germany as a part of labor market reform was implemented from this perspective. In relation to this, in Japan, the Support System for Job Seekers was enforced in October 2011, and the proactive "Act on Services and Supports for the Self-Support of the Needy" was enforced in April 2015, from a viewpoint of establishment of the safety net providing multi-layered supports in citizens\u27 daily lives in our country. In this paper, I would like to reorganize the matters related to the Hartz IV Law and support for employment in Germany and refer to the effects of the Harts reform
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貧ããã®äžã§è²ã€ïŒãšããã瀟äŒçãæåçãæè²çã«å·ã蟌ãŸãã貧ããã®äžã§äžãšããããšã¯ãçºéãªã¹ã¯ã被ãå¯èœæ§ãæå³ããããã®ãªã¹ã¯ã¯ã瀟äŒãã代åãšããŠèŠæ±ãããçºé課é¡ãå
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ãæåçã»ç€ŸäŒçè³æ¬ã®ç²åŸã«åãŒã圱é¿ã«ããã貧å°ã®åºå®åãä¿ããããåæã«å®¶åºå
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ããããã«ãã決å®çã«éèŠã«ãªã£ãŠãããæ¬çš¿ã¯ããããã芳ç¹ããè±ããªåœãã€ãã«ãããåã©ãã®è²§å°ã«ã€ããŠããã®é·æã«ããã圱é¿ã¡ã«ããºã ãèå¯ãããGrowing up in poverty, especially in socially culturally and educationally imprinted povertyãmeans the possibility to have developmental risks. These risks adversely affect children in theprocess of overcoming the developmental problems that society imposes them. As a whole, what economical need influences one, when gaining cultural and social capital, accelerates to settle the poverty. At the same time, domestic social and cultural resources are critically important to overcome the current poverty and to distribute the opportunities to participate.in the future life. In this paper, from these points of view, we discuss the long term influential mechanism of poverty of children in the rich country, Germany
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èŠãšãªãè¯è³ªã®ä»è·ãµãŒãã¹ãããã«æäŸããŠããããã倧ããªæ¿ç課é¡ãšãªã£ãŠããããã®ããã«ããã€ãã§ã¯ä»è·ã®è³ªåäžãæ±ããæ¹é©ãè©Šã¿ãããŠããããããããããã®æ¹é©ã«ãé¢ããããæ®ããã課é¡ãå€ããããã§ãæ¬çš¿ã§ã¯ãã€ãã®ä»è·ä¿éºãæŠèŠ³ããããã§ããããªãæ¹é©ã§æŒãããã¹ãèŠç¹ã«ã€ããŠãGohdã®ã¬ããŒãã«ãããªããæŽçãããThe rapid increase in persons requiring care is seen with progress of aging like our country even in Germany. It is big policy concern how the good nursing care services should be provided to the increasing people who require. Therefore, in Germany, the reform which asks for the quality enhancement of care has been. However, there are also many remaining subjects in spite of these reforms. So, in this paper, after surveying the nursing care insurance of Germany, I clarify, with the report of Gohde, the main points which should be considered by the further reform
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èªç«æ¯æŽæ³ããæœè¡ãããŠããïŒéå»ã«æžãèãããïŒæ¬çš¿ã§ã¯æ¹ããŠãã€ãã®ãã«ãâ
£æ¹é©ãšå°±åŽæ¯æŽã«ã€ããŠæŽçãïŒãã«ãæ¹é©ã®å¹æã«ãèšåãããïŒEstablishment of the minimum life security with actual effects cannot be fully realized only through the "safety net" to support needy persons who require relief assistance in their lives. From a view point of "re-inclusion" of a person with working capacity in a labor market after providing minimum life security, the focus of necessary welfare reform will be put first on the elimination of institutional factors that impede the "inclusion" of people, who require relief assistance and have working capacity, in the labor market. The unemployment benefits and social assistance reform in Germany as a part of labor market reform was implemented from this perspective. In relation to this, in Japan, the Support System for Job Seekers was enforced in October 2011, and the proactive "Act on Services and Supports for the Self-Support of the Needy" was enforced in April 2015, from a viewpoint of establishment of the safety net providing multi-layered supports in citizens\u27 daily lives in our country. In this paper, I would like to reorganize the matters related to the Hartz IV Law and support for employment in Germany and refer to the effects of the Harts reform
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èŠæ§ãšå¯èœæ§ãããããã€ãã§ã¯ã1860幎代以éã瀟äŒæ¹é©ã«ãšã£ãŠéèŠãªåŠååéãšããŠã¯ãç¹ã«çµæžåŠãšäºé²è¡çåŠã泚ç®ãããŠããããã®äºã€ã®åŠååéããåŠè¡ãšç€ŸäŒæ¹é©ã®ç¬ç¹ã§ã¢ã³ããã¬ã³ããªé¢ä¿ãæããã«ãªããåœæã®ç€ŸäŒæ¹é©ã¯ãç§åŠãšçµç¹ã«å¯ŸããŠæµå¯Ÿçã§ã¯ãªãã瀟äŒç³»ç§åŠãšç€ŸäŒæ¹é©ã®åãã¡é£ãçµã³ã€ããã¿ããããããæ貧å¶åºŠã®è¿ä»£åãããããããIn any country, the problems of poverty which social security deals with can be solved with political measures, because they are also social problems caused by society. Here is the necessity and possibility of La Riforma Sociale. In Germany, economics and preventive sanitation study have attracted attention as academic fields important for La Riforma Sociale since 1860s. The peculiar and ambivalent relation between these two fields became evident as the relation between science and social reforms. La Riforma Sociale in those days was not hostile to science and organizations and the strong connection between social science and La Riforma Sociale was found. This brought about the modernization of the poor relief system
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ãæåçã»ç€ŸäŒçè³æ¬ã®ç²åŸã«åãŒã圱é¿ã«ããã貧å°ã®åºå®åãä¿ããããåæã«å®¶åºå
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ããããã«ãã決å®çã«éèŠã«ãªã£ãŠãããæ¬çš¿ã¯ããããã芳ç¹ããè±ããªåœãã€ãã«ãããåã©ãã®è²§å°ã«ã€ããŠããã®é·æã«ããã圱é¿ã¡ã«ããºã ãèå¯ãããGrowing up in poverty, especially in socially culturally and educationally imprinted poverty means the possibility to have developmental risks. These risks adversely affect children in the process of overcoming the developmental problems that society imposes them. As a whole, what economical need influences one, when gaining cultural and social capital, accelerates to settle the poverty. At the same time, domestic social and cultural resources are critically important to overcome the current poverty and to distribute the opportunities to participate in the future life. In this paper, from these points of view, we discuss the long term influential mechanism of poverty of children in the rich country, Germany
AFF3, a susceptibility factor for autoimmune diseases, is a molecular facilitator of immunoglobulin class switch recombination
Immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR) plays critical roles in controlling infections and inflammatory tissue injuries. Here, we show that AFF3, a candidate gene for both rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, is a molecular facilitator of CSR with an isotype preference. Aff3-deficient mice exhibit low serum levels of immunoglobulins, predominantly immunoglobulin G2c (IgG2c) followed by IgG1 and IgG3 but not IgM. Furthermore, Aff3-deficient mice show weak resistance to Plasmodium yoelii infection, confirming that Aff3 modulates immunity to this pathogen. Mechanistically, the AFF3 protein binds to the IgM and IgG1 switch regions via a C-terminal domain, and Aff3 deficiency reduces the binding of AID to the switch regions less efficiently. One AFF3 risk allele for rheumatoid arthritis is associated with high mRNA expression of AFF3, IGHG2, and IGHA2 in human B cells. These findings demonstrate that AFF3 directly regulates CSR by facilitating the recruitment of AID to the switch regions
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é«éœ¢ç€ŸäŒãšãªã£ãŠãããéèœã®åç¶èªäœãå±ããç¶æ³ã«ãã£ãã 8幎åŸã®2012幎ã«ãããã®å°åãã©ã®ãããªç¶æ³ã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ããå¹³æ26幎ïŒæã«äœæãã調æ»å ±åæžãšæ¯èŒæ€èšããããšã§ã¿ããŠããåé¡ç¹ã»èª²é¡ç¹ãæå¹ãªå¯Ÿçã«ã€ããŠè«è¿°ãããSetouchi Town which lies to the south of Amami Oshima is an island in Kagoshima prefecture. Setouchi Town consists of three remote islands which have administrative districts. According to the research in 2004, in Kakeroma Island, 60.91% of Shiba district and 75.0% of Kedomi district were super-aging society; in Uke Island, so were 58.0% of Ukeamuro district and 55.7% of Ikeji district; and 52.9% of Yoro Island, too. And these districts were in difficult condition to continue as villages in 2004.Comparing the above with the conditions in these districts eight years later based on the research in March, 2014, we will discuss the problems and possible measures
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