A simple alternative method for the purification of Citrus tristeza virus

A simple method for the purification of Citrus tristeza virus is described, based on virus extraction from liquid-nitrogen frozen midribs and cortical tissue of infected Mexican lime, precipitation with polyethylene glicol mol. wt 6000 (PEG 6000) column chromatography on Sephacryl S-300-HR columns, and concentration of viruscontaining fractions by PEG 6000, followed by low-speed (17,200 g) centrifugation. Virus preparations were satisfactorily clean, and were successfully used for the production of an antiserum which is now being evaluated

Assessing the applicability of transcript conformation polymorphism for differentiation among «Prunus nocrotic ringspot virus» isolates

The applicability of single and double-stranded transcript conformation polymorphism (TCP) for differentiation among Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) isolates was evaluated and compared with other molecular differentiation procedures. Single-stranded TCP was found to be suitable to differentiate closely related virus isolates. However, due to its high variability, it was not suitable for grouping virus isolates. Double-stranded TCP, on the other hand, enabled the division of virus isolates into major groups. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the PCR products confirmed the grouping of the virus isolates but this technique was limited in its ability to detect a wide range of nucleotide modifications. Nucleotide sequence analysis was essential for the detection of strain-specific sequences but did not clearly identify most other minor modifications that are necessary for virus classification. The combination of all methods is therefore sometimes required for complete analysis

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Detection of Grapevine Fanleaf Virus Using Serological and Biological Assays

Abstract: The production of grapevine is important agricultural sector in Turkey. But, the production is lower than the other Mediterranean countries. One of the main reasons of low yield is many viruses ’ diseases. The nepoviruse diseases are responsible for significant losses in vineyards. Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is the most important deadly virus among them. It is transmitted by graft and vector nematodes. It has not been studied enough about this virus in our country. There is not enough detailed research on this virus in our country. In this study, the maintenance of GFLV in vineyards and their occurrence areas were determined in Adana and Mersin provinces by serological and biological assays. Out of total 384 grapevine samples, 63 plants (16.4%) were found to be infected with GFLV by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). In addition to this, as herbaceous indicator plants; Nicotiana benthamiana Domin., N. tabacum L., N. rustia L., Chenopodium amaranthicolor Coste et Reyn., C. quinoa Wild., Cucumis sativus L., and Gomprena globosa L. were used in biological assays. But chlorotic local lesions were observed only on Nicotiana benthamiana Domin. among weedy indicator plants by mechanical transmission

Assessment of the correlation between nasal septal deviation and compensatory hypertrophy of the middle turbinate

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between nasal septal deviation and the middle turbinate hypertrophy using computed tomography. In this retrospective analysis, we examined 77 patients with nasal septal deviation. The mucosal and bone structures of the middle turbinate and the angle of the septum were measured using radiological analysis. Measurements of the middle turbinate on the convex side were compared to those on the concave side. Measurements of the bony and mucosal structure area of the middle turbinate were significantly greater than those on the concave side. The dimensions of medial mucosa thickness and bone thickness were not significantly different between the convex and concave sides. No significant correlation was found between the angle of deviation and other parameters. The present findings suggest that compensatory middle turbinate hypertrophy was caused both by conchal bone growth and mucosal hypertrophy in patients with nasal septal deviation