Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights: How Far Have the Yoruba Women of Nigeria Gone

The four core coordinates of human existenceculture society religion and family- have continued in locating women and men in specific social contexts Using a qualitative data collection approach the study examines the context of married Yoruba women s sexual and health rights focusing on their rights to make responsible sexual and reproductive decisions Findings reveal interplay between gender and sexuality Beliefs and images about masculinity and femininity result in the men feeling that they must initiate sex dominate and conquer their wives without being sensitive to their emotional needs The logic that follows from this is the fact that men presumably are granted the unconditional sexual access to their wives while women on the other hand lack sexual autonomy The study concludes that there is relativity of power between married men and women in sexual intercourse no matter the level of the woman s socio-economic status instigated by the social conditionin

Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights: How Far Have the Yoruba Women of Nigeria Gone

The four core coordinates of human existenceculture society religion and family- have continued in locating women and men in specific social contexts Using a qualitative data collection approach the study examines the context of married Yoruba women s sexual and health rights focusing on their rights to make responsible sexual and reproductive decisions Findings reveal interplay between gender and sexuality Beliefs and images about masculinity and femininity result in the men feeling that they must initiate sex dominate and conquer their wives without being sensitive to their emotional needs The logic that follows from this is the fact that men presumably are granted the unconditional sexual access to their wives while women on the other hand lack sexual autonomy The study concludes that there is relativity of power between married men and women in sexual intercourse no matter the level of the woman s socio-economic status instigated by the social conditionin

Profile Of The Nigerian Sickle Cell Anaemia Patients Above 30 Years Of Age

A CAJM article on the profiles of Nigerian sickle cell anaemic patients.Haemoglobin S occurs with greatest prevalence in tropical Africa and clinicians have generally associated sickle cell disease with high morbidity and mortality.1-3 The heterozygous frequency in Nigeria is usually about 25% but in some areas it reaches 32.5%.4 Patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) constitute about 2 to 3% of the Nigerian population. While the disease appears benign in some patients, it runs a crippling course in others. There are a few reports of patients surviving till the fourth or fifth decade but this is a very rare occurrence in Nigeria. Thus, patients over the age of 30 years form a very small proportion of the patients. It has been implied that inherited and acquired factors influence the pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of the disease.1 Hence, this results either in death in the early years in some patients or cases discovered late in life as a result of chance survey 1 With improvement in the living standard and increasing availability of health care, it has been observed that more patients with sickle cell anaemia in Nigeria survive into adolescence and maturity, and they are able to reproduce and some are in gainful employment

Effective Leadership, Self-Efficacy, Emotional Intelligence, Information Acquisition and Utilization of Managers in Packaging Companies in Nigeria

This study investigated self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, information acquisition and utilization of determinants of effective leadership of managers in packaging companies in Nigeria. The survey method was used. Total enumeration technique and questionnaire was used for data gathering from a population size of 450 managers in the surveyed companies out of which 400 responded giving a response rate of 88.8 percent. Simple correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were used for data analysis. The study established that there were significant correlations among self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, information acquisition, information utilization and effective leadership of the respondents. It was further established that self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, information acquisition and utilization were significant determinants of effective leadership of managers in the packaging companies in Nigeria. It was therefore recommended that the board of management in the studied companies should endeavour to encourage their managers to acquire and utilize information to enhance their effective leadership. They should give self-efficacy and emotional intelligence training to their managers in order for them to be effective leaders. KEYWORDS: Self-efficacy, Emotional intelligence, Information acquisition, Information utilization, Managers, Nigeria

Managing Ethnic and Cultural Diversity for National Integration in Nigeria

Nigeria is a multi-ethnic and culturally diverse society that has witnessed conflicts arising from this ethnic and cultural diversity. This paper expounds such conceptual issues as ethnicity, cultural diversity, federalism and national integration and then presents the historical background to ethnic and cultural conflicts in Nigeria. It is argued that national integration in the Nigerian context has been an attempt to forge “unity in diversity”, seeking to wish away socio-cultural differences and imposing uniformity in spite of complex cultural diversity. This has created more conflict and posed obstacles to unity, peaceful co-existence, progress and stable development. It recommends that national integration and its benefits can be realized only with the development and entrenchment of a supportive public culture; understanding, respecting and tolerating differences occasioned by socio-cultural diversity; as well as the development of new institutions and mechanisms that address poverty, revenue allocation and other national issues peacefully. Keywords: Ethnic diversity, cultural diversity, conflict, national integration, Nigeria

Managing Ethnic and Cultural Diversity for National Integration in Nigeria

Nigeria is a multi-ethnic and culturally diverse society that has witnessed conflicts arising from this ethnic and cultural diversity. This paper expounds such conceptual issues as ethnicity, cultural diversity, federalism and national integration and then presents the historical background to ethnic and cultural conflicts in Nigeria. It is argued that national integration in the Nigerian context has been an attempt to forge “unity in diversity”, seeking to wish away socio-cultural differences and imposing uniformity in spite of complex cultural diversity. This has created more conflict and posed obstacles to unity, peaceful co-existence, progress and stable development. It recommends that national integration and its benefits can be realized only with the development and entrenchment of a supportive public culture; understanding, respecting and tolerating differences occasioned by socio-cultural diversity; as well as the development of new institutions and mechanisms that address poverty, revenue allocation and other national issues peacefully. Keywords: Ethnic diversity, cultural diversity, conflict, national integration, Nigeria

Effects of Tillage and Leguminous Species on Selected Soil Physical Properties and Maize

Optimal use of management systems including tillage and legumes cover crops is recommended to improve soil physical properties and sustain agricultural production.  Field study was carried out to evaluate the effects of tillage practices and cropping systems on soil physical properties in Ogbomoso, Southern Guinea savanna, Nigeria. The two tillage practices (as main plot) No-till (NT) and Tilled (T) were investigated under five cropping systems (CS) of sole maize (SM), sole Mucuna (SMu), sole Pueraria, maize+Mucuna and maize + Pueraria intercrop with three replications in 2013. In 2014, all the treatments were similar except Canavalia gladiata that replaced Pueraria phaseolus. Soil physical parameters determined were; bulk density, pore size distribution, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), soil available water (SAW), soil temperature. Also, maize plant height and grain yield were determined. Data collected were analyzed by analysis of variance. The result shows that Ksat was significantly (P<0.05) 54% higher on NT > T. SAW was 11% significantly increased on NT>T in 2014. A 1.5% increase was observed in SMu plots compared with SM plots in 2013, though the treatments were similar. Soil temperature was significantly affected by tillage and CS at 6 WAS in 2013, 6 and 8 WAS in 2014.The trend is NT >T while SM > other cropping systems. There was significant interaction of tillage and cropping systems on Ksat in 2014. Maize grain yield was 39% significantly higher on T > NT in 2013. It is apparent that long term tillage and cropping systems experiment would be required to detect changes in soil physical properties as a result of the soil management practices. Keywords: Degradation, No-till, Tillage, Soil Physical Properties, Maize

Rooting, growth and sustainability of yellow Ficus (Ficus retusa ‘Nitida’) as affected by growth media under nursery conditions

A greater percentage of yellow ficus (Ficus retusa ‘Nitida’) seedlings die out at the nursery production stage as they can be stressed easily. Rooting time is slow (30-60 DAP) and any disturbance in the root system could be fatal. Some die without any reason. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the rooting, growth and sustainability of yellow ficus in varying growth media to determine the efficient growth media for its propagation. A cutting of yellow ficus each with eight (8) nodes was planted per black polythene nursery bag each filled with different growth media. The growth media utilised were: topsoil alone, sawdust alone, topsoil + cow dung (4:1), topsoil + poultry manure (4:1), cow dung + sawdust (1:4), sawdust + poultry manure + topsoil (1:1:3) and sawdust + cow dung + topsoil (1:1:3). The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Significantly (P<0.05) highest vegetative and root length was produced by plants grown on a mixture of sawdust, cow dung and topsoil (1:1:3). Root length of Ficus retusa ‘Nitida’ was best supported by the medium topsoil alone (16.43, 12.16) > sawdust alone (15.18, 12.78) > sawdust + cow dung + topsoil (1:1:3) (8.35, 6.80) > topsoil + cow dung (4:1), (8.79, 4.71) > topsoil + poultry manure (4:1) (5.24., 4.65) > cow dung + sawdust (1:4) (3.00, 3.36) at both plantings. The growth medium Sawdust + cow dung + topsoil (1:1:3) significantly (at P<0.05) affected the number of leaves produced, root length and branch girth of yellow ficus. It supported the highest number of leaves produced. More branches were encouraged by the medium sawdust + cow dung + topsoil (1:1:3) (0.14, 0.15) (at both plantings) > topsoil alone (0.12, 0.13); > topsoil + cow dung (4:1) (0.11, 0.12) > topsoil + poultry manure (4:1) (0.11, 0.10). Significant growth media influences on the number of branches and branch lengths of this plant were observed. Sawdust + cow dung + topsoil (1:1:3) medium most favorably supported establishment and sustenance of yellow ficus plants.Keywords: Ficus, Potting media, response, seedlings, sustenance, vegetative growth

Developing Flood Resilient Buildings in Nigeria: A Guide

Acknowledgements We acknowledge the support of the UI Ibadan TETFUND IBR 2016 Research Project Fund. Abstract Recently, the damage caused by flood in Nigeria has become unbearable leading to series of economic losses. Several post flood measures taken has proved to be inadequate because they are temporary. Hence, the needful is the flood risk management. Managing the risk of flood can be achieved by enhancing the resilient of the buildings in Nigeria. This requires a pragmatic approach from the concerned stakeholders. In this paper, we observed and discussed some of the drawbacks in Nigeria buildings leading to its vulnerability to flood. Also, guide was developed for government and stakeholders to achieve the incorporation of resilience in Nigeria building and its environment. Expected resilience was proposed and a flowchart to assist the prospective builders was developed. This will assist in developing the necessary blueprint towards achieving this goal. Necessary suggestions made will aid in the actualization of a resilient buildings within Nigeria. Keywords: Flood, resilience, Nigeria, flood risk management, buildin

Incidence of Malaria: a comparative study among HIV sero-positive and HIVsero-negative persons in Plateau State

Objective: Malaria and HIV/AIDS are two of the most common infections in sub-saharan Africa, an increased prevalence of malaria and increased parasite density in HIV- infected individuals could lead to increased malaria transmission affecting both HIV- positive and – negative individuals. The study aimed to determine and compare the incidence of malaria among HIV sero-positive and sero-negative persons in Plateau State.Methods: A comparative cross sectional study conducted among HIV sero-positive and sero-negative persons in 2012 using quantitative method of data collection to determine the incidence of malaria.Result: A total 84 respondents each participated in this study per group. The mean age of HIV seropositive respondents was 33.9 ± 11.5 years while that of HIV sero- negative respondents was 36.0 ± 9.6 years which was comparable (T= 1.34; df = 166; P= 0.184). The incidence of malaria was 35.7% among the HIV sero-positive respondents as against 22.6% among the HIV sero-negative respondents (÷2 = 3.49; P= 0.062).Conclusion: This study has demonstrated a higher incidence of malaria among HIV sero-positive person as compared to HIVsero negative individuals though not statistically significant.Keywords: Assessment, malaria, incidence, HIV sero-positive and negativ