Photovoltaic Panel Orientation Study for Tube-Enclosed Transportation Systems

The Hyperloop is a new transportation concept that involves high-speed transportation of passengers and cargo through a tube-enclosed system. Photovoltaic (PV) panels are located on the top of the tube to provide energy for the Hyperloop system. To develop this system, various configurations of PV panels arranged on the tube are studied and evaluated in terms of power and energy performance. This paper examines different cardinal direction orientations of the tube and six different PV configuration cases. Various performance metrics, such as peak power, total energy, power variation over a day are assessed. Based on this analysis, the advantages and disadvantages of each case are discussed in order to select the most effective PV configuration

Chiral Biomaterials for Nanomedicines: From Molecules to Supraparticles

Chirality, the property whereby an object or a system cannot be superimposed on its mirror image, prevails amongst nature over various scales. Especially in biology, numerous chiral building blocks and chiral-specific interactions are involved in many essential biological activities. Despite the prevalence of chirality in nature, it has been no longer than 70 years since the mechanisms of chiral-specific interactions drew scientific attention and began to be studied. Owing to the advent of chiral-sensitive equipment such as circular dichroism spectrometers or chiral liquid columns for chromatography, it has recently been possible to achieve a deeper understanding of the chiral-specific interactions and consequential impacts on the functionality and efficiency of nanomedicine. From this point of view, it is worthwhile to examine previously reported chiral biomaterials with their compositions and possible applications to achieve new paradigms of biomaterials. This review discusses chiral materials on various scales and their biological applications

A Wearable Integrated Bio-signal sensing interface Systems for Polysomnography

Polysomnography(PSG) is golden standard that analysis and diagnose for sleep status. A polysomnogram will typically record a minimum of 12 channels requiring a minimum of 22 wire attachments to the patient. So, it is difficult for an individual to utilize. This paper presents the prototype of a wearable integrated bio-signal sensing interface systems for PSG. The system consists of 5 channel and feature extraction circuit to sense a various body signal, such as EEG,EMG, and EoG. Amplified analog signal goes to feature extraction block not software processing but scheme to detect the feature extraction of EEG in frequency domain. In order to detect the low frequency band like EEG, we implemented to Teager Energy Operator with normalize using gm cell[1]. The implemented ROIC was fabricated with 1.8V CMOS technology and it is implemented to dual-mode system for monitoring and diagnose

Discovering Hierarchical Achievements in Reinforcement Learning via Contrastive Learning

Discovering achievements with a hierarchical structure on procedurally generated environments poses a significant challenge. This requires agents to possess a broad range of abilities, including generalization and long-term reasoning. Many prior methods are built upon model-based or hierarchical approaches, with the belief that an explicit module for long-term planning would be beneficial for learning hierarchical achievements. However, these methods require an excessive amount of environment interactions or large model sizes, limiting their practicality. In this work, we identify that proximal policy optimization (PPO), a simple and versatile model-free algorithm, outperforms the prior methods with recent implementation practices. Moreover, we find that the PPO agent can predict the next achievement to be unlocked to some extent, though with low confidence. Based on this observation, we propose a novel contrastive learning method, called achievement distillation, that strengthens the agent's capability to predict the next achievement. Our method exhibits a strong capacity for discovering hierarchical achievements and shows state-of-the-art performance on the challenging Crafter environment using fewer model parameters in a sample-efficient regime

Recent advances in chiral nanomaterials with unique electric and magnetic properties

Abstract Research on chiral nanomaterials (NMs) has grown radically with a rapid increase in the number of publications over the past decade. It has attracted a large number of scientists in various fields predominantly because of the emergence of unprecedented electric, optical, and magnetic properties when chirality arises in NMs. For applications, it is particularly informative and fascinating to investigate how chiral NMs interact with electromagnetic waves and magnetic fields, depending on their intrinsic composition properties, atomic distortions, and assembled structures. This review provides an overview of recent advances in chiral NMs, such as semiconducting, metallic, and magnetic nanostructures.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/173999/1/40580_2022_Article_322.pd