The effect of mulching on water consumption, yield and some parameters in apple orchards grafted onto dwarf rootstock

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different mulch materials on plant water consumption, yield, fruit quality, vegetative growth, and weed control and soil temperature of Braeburn apple variety grafted onto M9 rootstock in Eğirdir Fruit Growing Research Station in 2010-2011. The experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. Three different treatments were determined as two different mulch materials (white fabric, black plastic covering) and control (without any mulching). Irrigation water was applied by using drip irrigation system in 7 days intervals. Amount of irrigation water to be applied in the each irrigation was determined as water amount needed for raising the soil moisture to the field capacity in 0-60 cm soil depth. As a result, substantial water saving has been provided from both of the mulch materials (%< 22-28) in comparison with the control treatment. The yield results showed statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among the treatments only in the second year. The highest red colour density value, which is an important criterion in apple marketing, was obtained from mulching with white fabric for both years. It was determined that mulch applications with these two materials were positive effects on vegetative growth and they were very effective on weed control. Soil temperature measured in the treatment used white fabric was found 1-2°C lower in comparison with control treatment, while it was found 3-4°C lower in comparison with the black plastic covering

Bodur anaçlı elma bahçelerinde malç kullanımının su tüketimi, verim ve bazı parametreler üzerine etkileri

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different mulch materials on plant water consumption, yield, fruit quality, vegetative growth, and weed control and soil temperature of Braeburn apple variety grafted onto M9 rootstock in Eğirdir Fruit Growing Research Station in 2010-2011. the experimental design was a randomized block design with three replications. Three different treatments were determined as two different mulch materials (white fabric, black plastic covering) and control (without any mulching). Irrigation water was applied by using drip irrigation system in 7 days intervals. Amount of irrigation water to be applied in the each irrigation was determined as water amount needed for raising the soil moisture to the field capacity in 0-60 cm soil depth. As a result, substantial water saving has been provided from both of the mulch materials (%;lt; 22-28) in comparison with the control treatment. the yield results showed statistically significant difference (p;lt;0.05) among the treatments only in the second year. the highest red colour density value, which is an important criterion in apple marketing, was obtained from mulching with white fabric for both years. It was determined that mulch applications with these two materials were positive effects on vegetative growth and they were very effective on weed control. Soil temperature measured in the treatment used white fabric was found 1-2°C lower in comparison with control treatment, while it was found 3-4°C lower in comparison with the black plastic covering.Bu çalışma, tam bodur anaç (M9) üzerine aşılı Braeburn elma çeşidinde farklı malç materyallerinin bitki su tüketimi, verim, meyve kalitesi, vejetatif gelişim, yabancı ot kontrolü ve toprak sıcaklığına etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla Eğirdir Meyvecilik Araştırma İstasyonu’nda 2010-2011 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü kurulan denemede 2 farklı malç materyali (BKÖ ve SP) ve kontrol (K) olmak üzere 3 farklı konu yer almıştır. Sulama suyu tüm konulara 7 günlük aralıklarla damla sulama sistemi ile uygulanmıştır. Her sulamada 0-60 cm toprak derinliğinde eksik nemi tarla kapasitesine getirmek için gerekli miktar kadar sulama suyu uygulanmıştır. Malç uygulanan konularda kontrol konusuna göre sulama suyundan büyük oranda (% 22-28) tasarruf sağlanmıştır. Verim bakımından sadece ikinci yıl kontrol ve malç konuları arasında % 5 düzeyinde farklılık bulunmuştur. Pazarlama için önemli bir kriter olan elmanın kırmızı renk yoğunluğu yönünden ise beyaz kumaş örtü ile her iki yılda da en yüksek değerler elde edilmiştir. Her iki malç materyalinin de vejetatif gelişimi olumlu etkilediği ve yabancı ot gelişimi kontrolünde çok etkili oldukları belirlenmiştir. Toprak sıcaklığı beyaz kumaş örtü kullanılan konuda kontrol konusuna göre 1-2 °C daha düşük, siyah plastik örtü kullanılan konuya göre ise 3-4oC daha düşük saptanmıştır

Arıtılmış Atıksu Kullanılarak Yetiştirilen Aspir Bitkisi Tohumlarından Elde Edilen Yağın Yemeklik Yağ Kalitesinin İncelenmesi

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) is a plant with oil seed used for edible oil production and its cultivation has been increasing throughout the world in last decades. Although studies have shown that safflower seed oil has similar properties with olive oil, sunflower and peanut oil, due to its dominant characteristics over other plants such as tolerance for cold weather conditions, salinity and plantation in arid and semi-arid zones, it can be an alternative oil source to supply oil demand. As fatty acid composition is an important quality factor, high linoleic acid content (63-75%) of safflower oil proves its appropriateness as an edible oil. In this study, quality and physicochemical properties of oil were determined for the seeds of safflower plants cultivated by using treated wastewater. Its suitability as edible oil in comparison with oil quality standards (Turkish Food Codex) was investigated. Soxhlet extraction was employed for production of oil from safflower seeds using n-hexane as solvent. Quality and physicochemical oil analyses were applied to the safflower oils extracted. Fatty acid and sterol compositions, acidity and peroxide values, density, refractive index, iodine and saponification values were determined.Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius) yenilebilir yağ üretiminde kullanılan yağlı tohum bitkilerinden biri olup, yetiştiriciliği son yıllarda dünya genelinde artmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmalar aspir tohumu yağının zeytinyağı, ayçiçeği ve yer fıstığı yağı ile benzer özellikler taşıdığını göstermektedir. Aspir bitkisi tuzluluğa ve soğuk hava koşullarına toleranslı olması sebebiyle kurak ve yarı-kurak bölgelerde yetiştirilebilmektedir. Aspir yağının yüksek linoleik asit içeriği (%63-75) yemeklik yağ açısından önemli bir kalite özelliğidir. Bu özellikleri ile bitkisel yağ açığının kapatılmasında alternatif bir kaynaktır. Bu çalışmada arıtılmış atıksu kullanılarak yetiştirilen aspir bitkilerinin tohumlarından elde edilen yağın kalite ve fizikokimyasal özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Yemeklik yağ olarak kullanımı için, Türk Gıda Kodeksinde yer alan yağ kalitesi standartları ile kıyaslama yapılmıştır. Aspir tohumlarından yağ üretimi, çözgen olarak n-hekzan kullanılarak Soxhlet ekstraksiyon yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen aspir yağlarına kalite ve fizikokimyasal yağ analizleri uygulanmıştır. Yağ asidi ve sterol kompozisyonu, asitlik ve peroksit değeri, yoğunluk, kırılma indeksi, iyot ve sabunlaşma değerleri belirlenmiştir