Morphological and allozyme variation in a collection of Cucumeropsis mannii Naudin (Cucurbitaceae) from Côte d'Ivoire

peer reviewe

African Journal of Environmental Science and

Molecular characterization of intestinal protozoan parasites from children facing diarrheal disease and associated risk factors in Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoir

Patterns of morphological and allozyme variation in sorghum landraces of Northwestern Morocco

Patterns of variation in inflorescence and spikelet morphology and in allozyme markers were studied within and among six fields of sorghum sampled from different areas in Northwestern Morocco. Substantial variation for both types of markers is found within fields. Significant differentiation among fields occurs for both types of traits, with 63% of morphological variation and 20% of allozyme variation expressed among fields. Discrepancies between allozyme studies based on germplasm accessions conserved ex situ and this and other studies involving in situ sampling underline the need to use appropriate sampling schemes for assessing the patterns of genetic variation of local landraces.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Assessment of genetic diversity within and among germplasm accessions in cultivated sorghum using microsatellite markers

Microsatellite markers are increasingly being used in crop plants to discriminate among genotypes and as tools in marker-assisted selection. Here we evaluated the use of microsatellite markers to quantify the genetic diversity within as well as among accessions sampled from the world germplasm collection of sorghum. Considerable variation was found at the five microsatellite loci analysed, with an average number of alleles per locus equal to 2.4 within accessions and 19.2 in the overall sample of 25 accessions. The collection of sorghum appeared highly structured genetically with about 70% of the total genetic diversity occurring among accessions. However, differentiation among morphologically defined races of sorghum, or among geographic origins, accounted for less than 15% of the total genetic diversity. Our results are in global agreement with those obtained previously with allozyme markers. We were also able to show that microsatellite data are useful in identifying individual accessions with a high relative contribution to the overall allelic diversity of the collection.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

In situ estimation of outcrossing rate in sorghum landraces using microsatellite markers

We assessed the outcrossing rate of sorghum landraces sampled in situ from two fields under traditional cultivation in north-western Morocco using genotypic data from five microsatellite loci. Assuming a mixed mating model, we estimated outcrossing parameters by two methods that are based on progeny analyses. With both methods, the multilocus estimate of outcrossing rate for the overall sample was in the order of 0.1, meaning that sorghum landraces are predominantly autogamous, but with a significant proportion of outcrossing. The estimated outcrossing rate is about two times higher in field 1 (t m = 0.161) than in field 2 (t m = 0.069). This difference could be explained by distinct morphological characteristics of the inflorescence in the two fields, with predominance of loose panicles in field 1 and of very compact panicles in field 2. The distribution of outcrossing rate among progeny families showed that 30% of them were completely self-fertilized but some families showed substantial outcrossing. These results are at odds with the very low genetic differentiation observed previously among Moroccan landraces and suggest that morphological differences are maintained despite gene flow through seed exchanges among farmers.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Assessing population genetic structure of sorghum landraces from North-western Morocco using allozyme and microsatellite markers

The level of genetic diversity and the population genetic structure of sorghum landraces from North-western Morocco have been investigated based on direct field-sampling using both allozyme and microsatellite markers. As expected, microsatellite markers showed a much higher degree of polymorphism than allozymes, but relative measures of genetic structure such as Wright's inbreeding coefficient F(IS) and Nei's coefficient of genetic differentiation G(ST) were similar for the two sets of markers. Substantial inbreeding was found to occur within fields, which confirms that sorghum is predominantly selfing under cultivation. Most of the genetic diversity in Moroccan landraces occurs within fields (more than 85%), as opposed to among fields or among regions, a result which contrasts to those of studies based on accessions from germplasm collections. It is suggested that individual fields of sorghum constitute valuable units of conservation in the context of in situ conservation practices.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Genitourinary complications of pelvic traumaLes complications uro-génitales des traumatismes du bassin: a propos de 41 cas

Objective: To analyse the epidemiological features, diagnostic criteria and therapeutic aspects of 41 genitourinary lesions due to pelvic fracture. Patients and Methods : This is a retrospective analysis of 41 consecutive cases of pelvic trauma associated with urinary or genital complications seen over a 5-year period at the University Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. The patients had a mean age of 27.8 years (range: 14 – 48 years) with a male-to-female ratio of 9.25 to 1. Results: Traffic accidents were the prevailing cause of trauma accounting for 75.6%. The commonest type of fracture was anterior arc fracture encountered in 26.9% of the patients. The commonest presenting symptoms were chronic urinary retention (16.7%), bleeding per urethram (10.4%) and hematuria (29.1%). Urethral lesions were encountered in 50%, bladder lesions in 38.5%, lesions of the external genitalia in 9.6% and prostatic lesions in 1.9% of patients. In the majority of the patients (51.2%) urethral repair was attempted by the spatulated anastomotic technique. In cases of disruption of the membranous urethra, urethral repair was delayed by 3 months. The functional results of treatment were good in 66%, while satisfactory erectile function could be achieved in 73% of the patients. Mortality was 4.9%. Conclusion: The prognosis of patients with pelvic trauma can be improved by a fast diagnosis and by resorting to a multidisciplinary team taking care of the multiple visceral injuries in association with the urogenital ones. Résumé Objectifs: Analyser les données épidémiologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques des complications uro-génitales de 41 cas de traumatismes du bassin. Patients et méthode: Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective effectuée à partir de 41 cas de traumatismes du bassin avec complication urinaire et/ou génitale colligés dans le service d'urologie du CHU de Treichville sur une période de cinq ans. L'âge moyen des patients est de 27,8 ans (extrêmes: 14 à 48 ans), avec un sexe ratio de 9,25 hommes pour une femme. Résultats: Les accidents de la voie publique sont les plus grands pourvoyeurs de traumatisme représentant 75,6% des cas. Les fractures de l'arc antérieur sont les plus incriminées (26,9%). Les signes cliniques les plus évocateurs sont: la rétention aiguë d'urines (16,7%), l'urétrorragie (10,4%) et l'hématurie (29,1%). Nous avons observé 50% de lésions urétrales, 38,5% de lésions vésicales, 9,6% d'atteintes des organes génitaux externes et 1,9% de lésions prostatiques. Nous avons opté pour une réparation à distance du traumatisme causal (3 mois) pour les ruptures de l'urètre membraneux en faisant une large part à la résection-anastomose avec spatulation (51,16%). Nous avons obtenu 66% de bons résultats sur le plan urinaire et 73% de conservation d'une fonction érectile satisfaisante tandis qu'une mortalité de 4,9% assombrit le pronostic.Conclusion: Le pronostic peut être amélioré par la célérité du diagnostic et la prise en charge des lésions qui sont squelettiques et souvent poly-viscérales chez les patients présentant des lésions uro-génitales consécutifs aux traumatismes du bassin, c‘est à dire la nécessité d'une prise en charge spécialisée pluridisciplinaire. African Journal of Urology Vol. 12(1) 2006: 37-4

Évaluation de la diversité morphologique des variétés traditionnelles de sorgho du Nord-Ouest du maroc

In this study, we assessed the pattern of variation in spikelet morphology and vegetative characters of sorghum landraces sampled in situ from 5 fields under traditional cultivation system in North Western Morocco. We use 22 quantitative and qualitative morphological traits to evaluate diversity for an amount of 125 individual plants. Data showed a great morphological variability among fields due to yield parameters (DIAM, POIDS), growth characters (HAU, LOF, LAF, DIA) and spikelet morphology (LOP, PED). The use of their own seeds for culture combined with peasants´ selection based on phenotypic characters would play an important role in persistence of diversity among farmers´ fields. Since farmers from North Western Morocco use a marginal cropping system for sorghum, we suggest the implementation of an in situ and ex situ conservation program to protect this genetic richness.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Évaluation de la diversité morphologique des variétés traditionnelles de sorgho du Nord-ouest du Maroc

Cette étude porte sur la variabilité des types morphologiques de variétés traditionnelles de sorgho récoltées dans 5 champs sous culture traditionnelle au nord ouest du Maroc. Vingt-deux caractères qualitatifs et quantitatifs ont servi à évaluer la diversité de 125 plantes. Une importante variabilité morphologique est observée entre les champs. Les caractères ayant trait au rendement (DIAM, POIDS), à la croissance végétative (HAU, LOF, LAF, DIA) et à la panicule (LOP, PED) sont celles qui infl uencent le plus la variabilité observée. Lʼutilisation par les paysans de leurs semences propres pour la culture associée à la sélection paysanne basée sur des caractères phénotypiques joueraient un rôle important dans le maintien de la diversité entre champs. La pérennité du sorgho traditionnel dans une région marginale comme le nord ouest du Maroc nécessite la mise en place rapide de programme de conservation in situ et ex situ pour sauvegarder cette richesse génétique