Tilings of the Sphere by Edge Congruent Pentagons

We study edge-to-edge tilings of the sphere by edge congruent pentagons, under the assumption that there are tiles with all vertices having degree 3. We develop the technique of neighborhood tilings and apply the technique to completely classify edge congruent earth map tilings.Comment: 36 pages, 34 figure

A seemingly most effective target for early detection and intervention of prostate tumor invasion

This commentary proposes that budding tumor cell projections from focally disrupted tumor capsules represent a most effective target for early detection and intervention of prostate tumor invasion. The rationale, supporting data, and clinical applications of the hypothesis are discussed

Aberrant leukocyte infiltration: a direct trigger for breast tumor invasion and metastasis

Our previous studies revealed that leukocyte infiltration could trigger breast and prostate tumor invasion through physical disruption of tumor capsules. Our current study, involving multiple types of human tumors, further suggests that leukocyte infiltration also triggers metastasis through the following pathways : 1) the physical movement into the epithelium disrupts inter-cellular junctions and surface adhesion molecules, which cause the disassociation of tumor cells from tumor cores, 2) some of these tumor cells subsequently form tight junctions with the plasma membranes of leukocytes creating tumor cell-leukocyte chimeras (TLCs), and 3) the leukocytes of TLCs impart migratory capacity to associated tumor cell partners. Our findings suggest a novel pathway for tumor cell dissemination from primary sites and journey to new sites

Tumor cell budding from focally disrupted tumor capsules: a common pathway for all breast cancer subtype derived invasion?

Human breast cancer represents a group of highly heterogeneous lesions consisting of about 20 morphologically and immnohistochemically distinct subtypes with substantially different prognoses. Our recent studies have suggested that all breast cancer subtypes, however, may share a common pathway, tumor cell budding from focally disrupted tumor capsules, for their invasion. The potential mechanisms and clinical implications of our observations are discussed