Money laundry and financial development

Abstract This study is the novel in analyzing the relationship between money laundry and financial development and also the contribution of financial development in promoting for the occurrence of illegal transactions originated from domestic or foreignmarket. Moreover, the study tried to create link between the theoretical issues of financial development and money laundry with the empirical result using a two period model. The estimation made using the General Moment Method(GMM) for the panel data from 1985 to 2008.We included six countries in our sample: Italy, Switzerland, India, China,Ethiopia and Kenya.We have used the Phillips-Perron(PP) method of testing unit root because of its advantage over the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF). To test the number of cointegrating relationships among variables or to determine whether any combinations of the variables are cointegrated,the study employed the Johansen cointegration testing approach. The basic approach uses tax variable in order to determine the illegal currency in circulation. However, in this study we used the level of financial development as a principal factor for increasing or decreasing currency in circulation. Our assumption is, the level of financial development trigger for the demand of money(circulation of money) and consequently promote the occurrence of money laundry. Our regression result exhibited the level of financial development have a significant contribution for increasing demand for money that could be used for legal and illegal transactions. In countries where well(less) financial development exist, the more(less) exposed environmentfor the occurrence of illegal transactions(i.e. money laundry).money laundry and financial development

Money laundry and financial development

Abstract This study is the novel in analyzing the relationship between money laundry and financial development and also the contribution of financial development in promoting for the occurrence of illegal transactions originated from domestic or foreignmarket. Moreover, the study tried to create link between the theoretical issues of financial development and money laundry with the empirical result using a two period model. The estimation made using the General Moment Method(GMM) for the panel data from 1985 to 2008.We included six countries in our sample: Italy, Switzerland, India, China,Ethiopia and Kenya.We have used the Phillips-Perron(PP) method of testing unit root because of its advantage over the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF). To test the number of cointegrating relationships among variables or to determine whether any combinations of the variables are cointegrated,the study employed the Johansen cointegration testing approach. The basic approach uses tax variable in order to determine the illegal currency in circulation. However, in this study we used the level of financial development as a principal factor for increasing or decreasing currency in circulation. Our assumption is, the level of financial development trigger for the demand of money(circulation of money) and consequently promote the occurrence of money laundry. Our regression result exhibited the level of financial development have a significant contribution for increasing demand for money that could be used for legal and illegal transactions. In countries where well(less) financial development exist, the more(less) exposed environmentfor the occurrence of illegal transactions(i.e. money laundry).money laundry and financial development

It is time to re-think on environment, energy and economics (E3)

The paper summarized some theories and facts related to Environment, Energy and Economics. This work paper provides some highlights about the theoretical issues and facts regarding to environmental pollutions and its effect on economy and the importance of relying on other source energy to fulfil the increasing demand of power or electricity. Moreover, the paper also discussed by making comparison between industrialized and developing countries about their effect on environment and their capacity in producing nuclear energy and production level and also the link between environmental science and economics. This paper concluded that the industrialized countries are not fulfilling their commitments. About 7 Billion Metric Tons of carbon equivalent harmful greenhouse gases are omitted by industrialized countries every year and the share of U.S.A is 24% followed by Japan & Developed European Nations which accounts 26%. Whereas developing nations contributes 13% other than china. Currently only eight countries are known to have a nuclear weapons capability and sixty further nuclear power reactors are under construction, equivalent to 17% of existing capacity, while over 150 are firmly planned, equivalent to 46% of present capacity. Sixteen countries depend on nuclear power for at least a quarter of their electricity. From developed countries, France is the first country that gets around three quarters of its power from nuclear energy. Whereas most developing countries under design and some of them have small share as compared to industrialized countries. After the disaster in Japan, many countries have changed policies on the implementation of nuclear power plants. In addition, the Italian Parliament was suspended for one year, the work of approving projects on the production of energy through nuclear power plants

Money laundry and financial development

Abstract This study is the novel in analyzing the relationship between money laundry and financial development and also the contribution of financial development in promoting for the occurrence of illegal transactions originated from domestic or foreignmarket. Moreover, the study tried to create link between the theoretical issues of financial development and money laundry with the empirical result using a two period model. The estimation made using the General Moment Method(GMM) for the panel data from 1985 to 2008.We included six countries in our sample: Italy, Switzerland, India, China,Ethiopia and Kenya.We have used the Phillips-Perron(PP) method of testing unit root because of its advantage over the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF). To test the number of cointegrating relationships among variables or to determine whether any combinations of the variables are cointegrated,the study employed the Johansen cointegration testing approach. The basic approach uses tax variable in order to determine the illegal currency in circulation. However, in this study we used the level of financial development as a principal factor for increasing or decreasing currency in circulation. Our assumption is, the level of financial development trigger for the demand of money(circulation of money) and consequently promote the occurrence of money laundry. Our regression result exhibited the level of financial development have a significant contribution for increasing demand for money that could be used for legal and illegal transactions. In countries where well(less) financial development exist, the more(less) exposed environmentfor the occurrence of illegal transactions(i.e. money laundry)

Money laundry and financial development

Abstract This study is the novel in analyzing the relationship between money laundry and financial development and also the contribution of financial development in promoting for the occurrence of illegal transactions originated from domestic or foreignmarket. Moreover, the study tried to create link between the theoretical issues of financial development and money laundry with the empirical result using a two period model. The estimation made using the General Moment Method(GMM) for the panel data from 1985 to 2008.We included six countries in our sample: Italy, Switzerland, India, China,Ethiopia and Kenya.We have used the Phillips-Perron(PP) method of testing unit root because of its advantage over the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF). To test the number of cointegrating relationships among variables or to determine whether any combinations of the variables are cointegrated,the study employed the Johansen cointegration testing approach. The basic approach uses tax variable in order to determine the illegal currency in circulation. However, in this study we used the level of financial development as a principal factor for increasing or decreasing currency in circulation. Our assumption is, the level of financial development trigger for the demand of money(circulation of money) and consequently promote the occurrence of money laundry. Our regression result exhibited the level of financial development have a significant contribution for increasing demand for money that could be used for legal and illegal transactions. In countries where well(less) financial development exist, the more(less) exposed environmentfor the occurrence of illegal transactions(i.e. money laundry)

Money laundry and financial development

Abstract This study is the novel in analyzing the relationship between money laundry and financial development and also the contribution of financial development in promoting for the occurrence of illegal transactions originated from domestic or foreignmarket. Moreover, the study tried to create link between the theoretical issues of financial development and money laundry with the empirical result using a two period model. The estimation made using the General Moment Method(GMM) for the panel data from 1985 to 2008.We included six countries in our sample: Italy, Switzerland, India, China,Ethiopia and Kenya.We have used the Phillips-Perron(PP) method of testing unit root because of its advantage over the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF). To test the number of cointegrating relationships among variables or to determine whether any combinations of the variables are cointegrated,the study employed the Johansen cointegration testing approach. The basic approach uses tax variable in order to determine the illegal currency in circulation. However, in this study we used the level of financial development as a principal factor for increasing or decreasing currency in circulation. Our assumption is, the level of financial development trigger for the demand of money(circulation of money) and consequently promote the occurrence of money laundry. Our regression result exhibited the level of financial development have a significant contribution for increasing demand for money that could be used for legal and illegal transactions. In countries where well(less) financial development exist, the more(less) exposed environmentfor the occurrence of illegal transactions(i.e. money laundry)

It is time to re-think on environment, energy and economics (E3)

The paper summarized some theories and facts related to Environment, Energy and Economics. This work paper provides some highlights about the theoretical issues and facts regarding to environmental pollutions and its effect on economy and the importance of relying on other source energy to fulfil the increasing demand of power or electricity. Moreover, the paper also discussed by making comparison between industrialized and developing countries about their effect on environment and their capacity in producing nuclear energy and production level and also the link between environmental science and economics. This paper concluded that the industrialized countries are not fulfilling their commitments. About 7 Billion Metric Tons of carbon equivalent harmful greenhouse gases are omitted by industrialized countries every year and the share of U.S.A is 24% followed by Japan & Developed European Nations which accounts 26%. Whereas developing nations contributes 13% other than china. Currently only eight countries are known to have a nuclear weapons capability and sixty further nuclear power reactors are under construction, equivalent to 17% of existing capacity, while over 150 are firmly planned, equivalent to 46% of present capacity. Sixteen countries depend on nuclear power for at least a quarter of their electricity. From developed countries, France is the first country that gets around three quarters of its power from nuclear energy. Whereas most developing countries under design and some of them have small share as compared to industrialized countries. After the disaster in Japan, many countries have changed policies on the implementation of nuclear power plants. In addition, the Italian Parliament was suspended for one year, the work of approving projects on the production of energy through nuclear power plants

It is time to re-think on environment, energy and economics (E3)

Abstract: The paper summarized some theories and facts related to Environment, Energy and Economics. This work paper provides some highlights about the theoretical issues and facts regarding to environmental pollutions and its effect on economy and the importance of relying on other source energy to fulfil the increasing demand of power or electricity. Moreover, the paper also discussed by making comparison between industrialized and developing countries about their effect on environment and their capacity in producing nuclear energy and production level and also the link between environmental science and economics. This paper concluded that the industrialized countries are not fulfilling their commitments. About 7 Billion Metric Tons of carbon equivalent harmful greenhouse gases are omitted by industrialized countries every year and the share of U.S.A is 24% followed by Japan & Developed European Nations which accounts 26%. Whereas developing nations contributes 13% other than china. Currently only eight countries are known to have a nuclear weapons capability and sixty further nuclear power reactors are under construction, equivalent to 17% of existing capacity, while over 150 are firmly planned, equivalent to 46% of present capacity. Sixteen countries depend on nuclear power for at least a quarter of their electricity. From developed countries, France is the first country that gets around three quarters of its power from nuclear energy. Whereas most developing countries under design and some of them have small share as compared to industrialized countries. After the disaster in Japan, many countries have changed policies on the implementation of nuclear power plants. In addition, the Italian Parliament was suspended for one year, the work of approving projects on the production of energy through nuclear power plants