DataSheet1_Extraction and purification of antioxidative flavonoids from Chionanthus retusa leaf.pdf

In this work, flavonoids from the leaves of Chionanthus retusa were extracted using alcohol, and the extraction yield was optimized by single-factor and orthogonal experiments. Then, the extracted solution with flavonoids was purified via macroporous resin by elution with different concentrations of ethanol. The antioxidative activity of total flavonoid in purified extracted solution was evaluated by detecting its ability to scavenge DPPH free radicals. The results demonstrated that ethanol with a concentration of 60%, ultrasonic power of 140 W, liquid–solid ratio of 25:1 ml g−1, and water-bath temperature of 80°C were the optimal conditions for the extraction of total flavonoids from C. retusa leaf, achieving a yield of 121.28 mg g−1. After purification by macroporous resin using different concentrations of ethanol, the highest content of total flavonoids (88.51%) in the extracted solution can be obtained with the 50% ethanol eluant. The results of scavenging DPPH free radicals suggest that the purified flavonoids in the 50% ethanol eluant had the best antioxidant capacity over the flavonoids in other ethanol eluants. In addition, it is confirmed the antioxidant capacity of the extractives was associated with the content of total flavonoids and kinds of flavonoids. These results may provide a feasible pathway to make full use of total flavonoids from C. retusa leaf.</p

AM colonization, shoot dry weight, shoot N uptake, Pi uptake and AM hyphal length density in experiment I.

<p>AM colonization, shoot dry weight, shoot N uptake, Pi uptake and AM hyphal length density in experiment I.</p

AM colonization, shoot and root dry weight, shoot N and Pi uptake of wheat plants and hyphal length density in HCs in experiment II.

<p>AM colonization, shoot and root dry weight, shoot N and Pi uptake of wheat plants and hyphal length density in HCs in experiment II.</p

Photosynthetic parameters, shoot reducing sugar, starch and total soluble sugar content of wheat plants in experiment II.

<p>Photosynthetic parameters, shoot reducing sugar, starch and total soluble sugar content of wheat plants in experiment II.</p

The designs of experiment I and II.

<p>The designs of experiment I and II.</p

Između politike i kulture: integralno jugoslovenstvo i likovna umetnost

The ideology of Integral Yugoslavism was based on a set of principles related to the denial of the national individualities of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes which were considered irrelevant to the common, Yugoslav identity. Integral Yugoslavism, however, was not an abstract political doctrine, but it was heavily dependent on culture and art in particular. Yugoslav art of the first decades of the twentieth century was marked by the idea that artwork had to represent both cultural and political, and historical and modern unity of the nation. Moreover, it was believed that art had to herald a new era in political and cultural life of South Slavs and to serve as the legitimation of the long-awaited political independence. Among a variety of artistic poetics of the time, that of the famous Croatian sculptor Ivan Meštrović (1883-1962) was extremely prominent and politically engaged. Meštrović’s monumental sculptures of the Vidovdan and Kraljević Marko cycle argued most cogently for national independence and the unification of all South Slavs.Ideologija integralnog jugoslovenstva bila je zasnovana na nizu složenih principa koji su negirali nacionalne karakteristike i individualne osobenosti Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca. Osnovni sadržaj integralnog jugoslovenstva bila je ideja o primodijalnom jedinstvu Jugoslovena, shvaćenih kao jedinstvena nacija. Ova ideologija, međutim, nije predstavljala apstraktnu doktrinu o nacionalnom jedinstvu već je podrazumevala niz konstitutivnih elemenata koji su bili zasnovani na sistemima kulturne reprezentacije. Likovna umetnost je u tom sistemu imala zapaženo mesto, pre svega u toku prvih nekoliko decenija 20. veka kada je ideologija integralnog jugoslovenstva dostigla svoj zenit. U obilju umetničkih poetika toga vremena posebno se izdvajaju dva skulptoralna ciklusa hrvatskog umetnika Ivana Meštrovića (1883-1962) ¬ Vidovdanski ciklus i Ciklus Kraljevića Marka - kao ključna legitimacija političke doktrine o jedinstvenoj jugoslovenskoj naciji i nužnosti stvaranja zajedničke države Južnih Slovena