Bio-chemical amelioration effects on physico-chemical dynamics of sodic soils under rice (Oryza sativa) –wheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system

The effect of dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) as first crop on physico-chemical dynamics and productivity of “B” class sodic soils was assessed on farmer’s field under rice-wheat cropping system to generate the knowledge of sodic soil management for increasing the soil and crop productivity for sustainable crop production in sodic soil environment. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design at ten sites having six treatment combinations of different doses of gypsum and green manuring with sesbania under two cropping sequences, i e sesbania-rice (Oryza sativa L.) -wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice-wheat. Cultivation of sesbania with gypsum significantly decreased the surface soil pH from 9.3 to 8.6 and increased the hydraulic conductivity from 0.3 × 10-3 to 3.7 × 10-3 cm/hr and buildup of soil organic matter by increasing organic carbon content from 0.20 % to 0.22 % through growing of sesbania. Sesbania green manure also increased the available water content in the soil system, which enhanced soil moisture availability for longer period. As a result, rice crop yield increased by 16.2 % in sesbania-rice- wheat cropping system in comparison to rice–wheat cropping sequence because of synergistic effect of sesbania with gypsum. Consequently, residual effect of sesbania green manuring alone and in combination with gypsum significantly enhanced the wheat grain yield by 42.5 % and 72.5 % and 80% in T4, T5 and T6 treatments respectively during first year in sesbania–rice-wheat cropping sequence as compared to control. In consecutive second year, rice and wheat grain yields further enhanced by 8.1 % and 2.71% respectively, under sesbania –rice -wheat than that of rice –wheat cropping sequence. Under sesbania- rice- wheat and rice-wheat-sesbania cropping sequence, rice and wheat grain yield were similar. Hence, inclusion of Sesbania aculeata as green manure either before or after rice-wheat cropping sequence is equally better to improve the soil physical dynamics and crop productivity of ‘B’ class sodic soils in Indo-Gangetic region of Uttar Pradesh

Not Available

Not AvailableThe effect of dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) as first crop on physico-chemical dynamics and productivity of “B” class sodic soils was assessed on farmer’s field under rice wheat cropping system to generate the knowledge of sodic soil management for increasing the soil and crop productivity for sustainable crop production in sodic soil environment. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design at ten sites having six treatment combinations of different doses of gypsum and green manuring with sesbania under two cropping sequences, i e sesbania-rice (Oryza sativa L.) -wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice-wheat. Cultivation of sesbania with gypsum significantly decreased the surface soil pH from 9.3 to 8.6 and increased the hydraulic conductivity from 0.3 × 10-3 to 3.7 × 10-3 cm/hr and buildup of soil organic matter by increasing organic carbon content from 0.20 % to 0.22 % through growing of sesbania. Sesbania green manure also increased the available water content in the soil system, which enhanced soil moisture availability for longer period. As a result, rice crop yield increased by 16.2 % in sesbania-rice- wheat cropping system in comparison to rice–wheat cropping sequence because of synergistic effect of sesbania with gypsum. Consequently, residual effect of sesbania green manuring alone and in combination with gypsum significantly enhanced the wheat grain yield by 42.5 % and 72.5 % and 80% in T4, T5 and T6 treatments respectively during first year in sesbania–rice-wheat cropping sequence as compared to control. In consecutive second year, rice and wheat grain yields further enhanced by 8.1 % and 2.71% respectively, under sesbania –rice -wheat than that of rice –wheat cropping sequence. Under sesbania rice- wheat and rice-wheat-sesbania cropping sequence, rice and wheat grain yield were similar. Hence, inclusion of Sesbania aculeata as green manure either before or after rice wheat cropping sequence is equally better to improve the soil physical dynamics and crop productivity of ‘B’ class sodic soils in Indo-Gangetic region of Uttar Pradesh.Not Availabl

SALT AFFECTED SOILS OF NAIN EXPERIMENTAL FARM: SITE CHARACTERISTICS, RECLAIMABILITY AND POTENTIAL USE

The authors are thankful to Haryana State Administration to allow acquiring land for experimental farm of the institute. Special thanks are due to Dr. Gurbachan Singh (former Director and Chairman ASRB New Delhi) for selection of farm site. Thanks are also due to Dr. Anand Swarup, Dr. J. C. Dagar, Dr. K. K. Mehta and Dr. D. R. Sharma former Heads, Soil and Crop Management Division for valuable suggestion. Inputs of Dr. S. K. Singh, Head, NBSS&LUP, Kolkata is also acknowledged. Mr. Sita Ram and Sunil Jangra SRF are thanked for field data collection and preparing soil sampling scheme. The technical supports of Sh. Naresh Kumar, Rati Ram, Sahib Singh, Parshottom Lal and central laboratory, are acknowledged for soil sampling, chemical analysis and tracing workSalt affected soils of Nain Experimental Farm (Village Nain, District Panipat and State Haryana) were surveyed, characterized and classified for reclamation and management. It also provides primary input for soil characteristics prior to planning any research experiment for arable crops. Historically, the farm area (10.8 ha) was a barren, flat scrub land showing thick salt efflorescence/crust with high soil salinity at surface with saline ground water. Located at the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain under semiarid climate, salt affected soils are highly variable and complex saline and sodic in nature. The presence of calcretes (calcium carbonates nodules/concretions) and ferricretes (iron oxides nodules) showed irreversible precipitation of calcium, iron and manganese in sodic soils under poor drainage condition. These soils also showed variable soil texture, lack distinct horizon development and showed ustic soil moisture regime, thus, classified as Haplustepts under the USDA Soil Taxonomy. Highly saline soils are classified at phase level. Sodic character is shown at the subgroup level following modified classification by Verma et al. (2007). The non-availability of good quality water (canal/tubewell) restricted its use for arable cropping. Seepage and accumulation of salty parent materials caused high soil salinization in soil profiles at lower topographic zone. The spatial variability studies using grid sampling method is used for mapping spatial distribution of soil salinity /alkalinity and soluble ions. The dominance of chloride and sulfates of sodium, calcium and magnesium in saline soils and the presence of carbonates and bicarbonates in sodic soils showed necessity for salt leaching and gypsum treatment for reclamation. Soils with low to moderate salinity are suggested for growing salt tolerant varieties with necessary soil and water management practices. Highly saline and sodic soils may be used for fisheries development or forestry purposes. The quality of ground water at shallow depth (80 ft) is saline and unfit for irrigation. It may used in cyclic or mixed mode with good quality water. The quality of drain water is good but is available in monsoon season only. These soils are also used for brick kilns and industrial development purposes such as Thermal Power generation, Fertilizer Manufacturing (NFL) and Oil Refinery (IOC) plants in nearby areas. In areas where good quality irrigation water is available, these soils were used for growing rice and wheat.Not Availabl