Chemical analysis of soluble fractions from normal and autolysed rabbit liver by column chromatography

Chromatography on Sephadex G-200 was performed with the soluble fraction of homogenated rabbit liver, which was extracted with 0.1 M phosphate buffer containing 0.1 M NaCl. and the influences of autolysis on the soluble fraction of liver were also examined. The soluble fraction of liver was different from serum in molecular weight, in electrophoretic character and in components with sedimentation coefficients. The soluble fraction of liver was stable under the influence of Mg and K ions, and rather unstable in the presence of Na ions. Serum was fractionated in three main peaks. The soluble fraction of liver was fractionated in a similar pattern as of serum, but the first peak contained nucleic acid and lipoprotein. The second contained albumin. 32p radioactivity peaks of the stored sample appeared with change in patterns by autolysis from the original, and were observed wide based and continuous figures in retarded peaks. The correlations with the first peak and retarded peaks were represented by the analysis of phosphorus compounds and electrophoresis. In lipid analysis, both diglyceride and monoglyceride gradually decreased, and phospholipid pattern was observed to increase in retarded peaks by autolysis. Lipoprotein or lipid-albumin complex was gradually converted to smaller molecular weight compounds, and appeared in retarded peaks.</p

Modeling Intra-Cluster Gas in Triaxial Dark Halos : An Analytical Approach

We present the first physical model for the non-spherical intra-cluster gas distribution in hydrostatic equilibrium under the gravity of triaxial dark matter halos. Adopting the concentric triaxial density profiles of the dark halos with constant axis ratios proposed by Jing & Suto (2002), we derive an analytical expression for the triaxial halo potential on the basis of the perturbation theory, and find the hydrostatic solutions for the gas density and temperature profiles both in isothermal and polytropic equations of state. The resulting iso-potential surfaces are well approximated by triaxial ellipsoids with the eccentricities dependent on the radial distance. We also find a formula for the eccentricity ratio between the intra-cluster gas and the underlying dark halo. Our results allow one to determine the shapes of the underlying dark halos from the observed intra-cluster gas through the X-ray and/or the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects clusters.Comment: accepted by ApJ, LaTex file, 22 pages, 8 postscript figure

形態計測のためのメタノール・硝酸セルロースによる組織包埋法

Very recently we developed a new embedding medium, "Shiojirin-E", made chiefly of cellulose nitrate (Kawakami et al. 1995)^&;t;1\u272)>. During the course of its development, we noted that cellulose nitrate would be a very suitable embedding medium for morphometric analysis, especially because of its low and constant rate of contraction. But the highviscosity of this medium resulted in a very slow rate of infiltration. Therefore we sought to develop a new, better histological embedding medium for morphometric analysis based on information on the methanol-cellulose nitrate method by Seki (1937)^. After trial and error, we succeeded in our goal : The composition of the medium is as follows : cellulose nitrate 15.0g, methanol 78.6g, and others 6.4g (total of 100.00g). When the specimens are not so big, we can easily get 3-5 micron-thick sections like paraffin sections with complete non-contractibility. We believe that this new methanol-cellulose nitrate medium will be useful especially for histological morphometrical analysis

[3H]9-Methyl-7-bromoeudistomin D, a caffeine-like powerful Ca2+ releaser, binds to caffeine-binding sites distinct from the ryanodine receptors in brain microsomes

Abstract[3H]9-Methyl-7-bromoeudistomin D ([3H]MBED), the most powerful Ca2+ releaser from sarcoplasmic reticulum, specifically bound to the brain microsomes. Caffeine competitively inhibited [3H]MBED binding. [3H]MBED binding was markedly blocked by procaine, whereas that was enhanced by adenosine-5′-(β,γ-methylene)triphosphate. The Bmax value was 170 times more than that of [3H]ryanodine binding. The profile of sucrose-density gradient centrifugation of solubilized microsomes indicated that [3H]MBED binding protein was different from [3H]ryanodine binding protein. These results suggest that there are MBED/caffeine-binding sites in brain that are distinct from the ryanodine receptor and that MBED becomes an essential molecular probe for characterizing caffeine-binding protein in the central nervous system

Systematic Errors in the Hubble Constant Measurement from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect

The Hubble constant estimated from the combined analysis of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and X-ray observations of galaxy clusters is systematically lower than those from other methods by 10-15 percent. We examine the origin of the systematic underestimate using an analytic model of the intracluster medium (ICM), and compare the prediction with idealistic triaxial models and with clusters extracted from cosmological hydrodynamical simulations. We identify three important sources for the systematic errors; density and temperature inhomogeneities in the ICM, departures from isothermality, and asphericity. In particular, the combination of the first two leads to the systematic underestimate of the ICM spectroscopic temperature relative to its emission-weighed one. We find that these three systematics well reproduce both the observed bias and the intrinsic dispersions of the Hubble constant estimated from the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, Minor change

Regional Revitalization through Education : An Example of Wake Town’s Education Policy

This article analyzes the importance of education when attempting regional revitalization by considering the case of the introduction of‘ an English Education District’ and a public cram school in a Japanese town. As Japan faces a depopulated society, it is important for local administrations to maintain their local population through public policy that supports economic activities and improves living conditions. Wake Town in Okayama Prefecture has already undertaken a variety of actions, supported by the human resources of the national government and private companies, to promote its livability. This article elucidates the reason behind Wake Town＇s strong commitment to its education policy, which has resulted in, for example, the creation of a public cram school. This article focuses on three points: （1） the background of the education policy in Wake Town, （2） the management of the newly established public cram school, and （3） the evaluation of this school in the view of its students and their parents. Finally, the article argues that free public education is becoming increasingly important for community development in the global era ofthe 21st century

Cosmological SPH simulations with four million particles: statistical properties of X-ray clusters in a low-density universe

We present results from a series of cosmological SPH (smoothed particle hydrodynamics) simulations coupled with the P3M (Particle-Particle-Particle-Mesh) solver for the gravitational force. The simulations are designed to predict the statistical properties of X-ray clusters of galaxies as well as to study the formation of galaxies. We have seven simulation runs with different assumptions on the thermal state of the intracluster gas. Following the recent work by Pearce et al., we modify our SPH algorithm so as to phenomenologically incorporate the galaxy formation by decoupling the cooled gas particles from the hot gas particles. All the simulations employ 128^3 particles both for dark matter and for gas components, and thus constitute the largest systematic catalogues of simulated clusters in the SPH method performed so far. These enable us to compare the analytical predictions on statistical properties of X-ray clusters against our direct simulation results in an unbiased manner. We find that the luminosities of the simulated clusters are quite sensitive to the thermal history and also to the numerical resolution of the simulations, and thus are not reliable. On the other hand, the mass-temperature relation for the simulated clusters is fairly insensitive to the assumptions of the thermal state of the intracluster gas, robust against the numerical resolution, and in fact agrees well with the analytic prediction. Therefore the prediction for the X-ray temperature function of clusters on the basis of the Press-Schechter mass function and the virial equilibrium is fairly reliable.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 18 pages with 7 embedded figure