10,521 research outputs found
Experimental study of quantum random number generator based on two independent lasers
Quantum random number generator (QRNG) can produce true randomness by
utilizing the inherent probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics. Recently, the
spontaneous-emission quantum phase noise of the laser has been widely deployed
for QRNG, due to its high rate, low cost and the feasibility of chip-scale
integration. Here, we perform a comprehensive experimental study of phase-noise
based QRNG with two independent lasers, each of which operates in either
continuous-wave (CW) or pulsed mode. We implement QRNGs by operating the two
lasers in three configurations, namely CW+CW, CW+pulsed and pulsed+pulsed, and
demonstrate their tradeoffs, strengths and weaknesses.Comment: 7pages,6figures.It has been accepted by PR
Characterization and properties of weakly optimal entanglement witnesses
We present an analysis of the properties and characteristics of weakly
optimal entanglement witnesses, that is witnesses whose expectation value
vanishes on at least one product vector. Any weakly optimal entanglement
witness can be written as the form of ,
where is a non-negative number and is the identity
matrix. We show the relation between the weakly optimal witness and
the eigenvalues of the separable states . Further we give an
application of weakly optimal witnesses for constructing entanglement witnesses
in a larger Hilbert space by extending the result of [P. Badzi\c{a}g {\it et
al}, Phys. Rev. A {\bf 88}, 010301(R) (2013)], and we examine their geometric
properties.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, has been extensively redrafted and restructure
Cycle frequency in standard Rock-Paper-Scissors games: Evidence from experimental economics
The Rock-Paper-Scissors (RPS) game is a widely used model system in game
theory. Evolutionary game theory predicts the existence of persistent cycles in
the evolutionary trajectories of the RPS game, but experimental evidence has
remained to be rather weak. In this work we performed laboratory experiments on
the RPS game and analyzed the social-state evolutionary trajectories of twelve
populations of N=6 players. We found strong evidence supporting the existence
of persistent cycles. The mean cycling frequency was measured to be period per experimental round. Our experimental observations can be
quantitatively explained by a simple non-equilibrium model, namely the
discrete-time logit dynamical process with a noise parameter. Our work
therefore favors the evolutionary game theory over the classical game theory
for describing the dynamical behavior of the RPS game.Comment: 7 Page, 3 figure; Keyword: Rock-Paper-Scissors game; cycle; social
state; population dynamics; evolutionary trajector
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