Fine Exploration and Control of Subway Crossing Karst Area

A large number of subway projects need to cross all kinds of disaster sources during the construction process. When a disaster source is unknown and uncertain, it is difficult for tunnel stability analysis to conform to the actual situation, which is likely to cause serious geological disasters. Firstly, the accurate location of the source of the disaster is realized via the geophysical method, and the orientation of the target is determined. Secondly, real imaging of the geological disaster source is realized using fine three-dimensional scanning equipment. Finally, the coupling law of the seepage field, displacement field, and stress field of the tunnel surrounding rock are analyzed. The stability of the tunnel is analyzed, and the reasonable karst treatment method is put forward

Karst Development Mechanism and Characteristics Based on Comprehensive Exploration along Jinan Metro, China

Jinan is the capital of Shandong Province and is famous for its spring water. Water conservation has become the consensus of Jinan citizens and the government and the community. The construction of metro engineering in Jinan has lagged behind other cities of the same scale for a long time. The key issue is the protection of spring water. When metro lines are constructed in Jinan karst area, the water-inrushing, quicksand, and piping hazards can easily occur, which can change the groundwater seepage environment and reduce spring discharge. Therefore, we try to reveal the development conditions, mechanism, and mode of karst area in Jinan. In addition, we propose the comprehensive optimizing method of “shallow-deep” and “region-target” suitable for exploration of karst areas along Jinan metro, and systematically study the development characteristics of the karst areas along Jinan metro, thus providing the basis for the shield tunnel to go through karst areas safely and protecting the springs in Jinan

Unmet Needs and Treatment Preference of Systemic Treatments for Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis from the Perspectives of Patients and Dermatologists in China

Abstract Introduction The treatment options for moderate to severe psoriasis (msPsO) in China have been greatly increased with the approvals of biologics. However, the unmet needs and treatment preferences of systemic treatments for msPsO in China remain unclarified. Methods Fifty dermatologists and 300 patients with msPsO (41% with severe psoriasis) were surveyed for effectiveness, safety, treatment convenience, and treatment preferences (using a choice-based conjoint questionnaire). Descriptive statistics and conjoint simulation analyses were employed to summarize survey information and assess treatment preferences. Results Both patients and dermatologists reported shorter treatment duration for oral drugs (2.7–6.2 months) than that for biologics (9.5–17.0 months). The most frequently reported treatment discontinuation reasons by the surveyed patients and dermatologists were unsatisfactory effectiveness (average 84.5%) for oral drugs and loss of efficacy over time (average 68.5%) for biologics. Commonly reported treatment inconveniences included regular lab tests for traditional oral drugs (average 71.5%) and administration assistance for biologics (average 58.0%). Injection site reactions (average 51.5%) and needle fear (average 35.5%) were frequently reported for biologics among the surveyed patients and dermatologists. Once-daily oral treatment was preferred over biweekly subcutaneous injection treatment when the two had comparable attributes (average in patients 87.1% vs. 12.9%; average in dermatologists 93.4% vs. 6.6%). Conclusions Unmet needs of systemic treatments remain for msPsO in China. Once-daily oral treatment is preferred over biweekly subcutaneous injections to treat msPsO when other treatment attributes are comparable