Accuracy of wind observations from open-ocean buoys: Correction for flow distortion

The comparison of equivalent neutral winds obtained from (a) four WHOI buoys in the subtropics and (b) scatterometer estimates at those locations reveals a root-mean-square (RMS) difference of 0.56-0.76 m/s. To investigate this RMS difference, different buoy wind error sources were examined. These buoys are particularly well suited to examine two important sources of buoy wind errors because: (1) redundant anemometers and a comparison with numerical flow simulations allow us to quantitatively assess flow distortion errors, and (2) one-minute sampling at the buoys allows us to examine the sensitivity of buoy temporal sampling/averaging in the buoy-scatterometer comparisons. The inter-anemometer difference varies as a function of wind direction relative to the buoy wind vane and is consistent with the effects of flow distortion expected based on numerical flow simulations. Comparison between the anemometers and scatterometer winds supports the interpretation that the inter-anemometer disagreement, which can be up to 5% of the wind speed, is due to flow distortion. These insights motivate an empirical correction to the individual anemometer records and subsequent comparison with scatterometer estimates show good agreement

Net-Shaped DNA Nanostructure-Based Lateral Flow Assays for Rapid and Sensitive SARS-CoV‑2 Detection

Lateral flow assay (LFA)-based rapid antigen tests are experiencing extensive global uptake as an expeditious and highly effective modality for the screening of viral infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. While these devices have played a significant role in alleviating the burden on the public healthcare system, their specificity and sensitivity fall short compared with molecular tests. In this study, we endeavor to address both limitations through the utilization of DNA nanotechnology in LFA format, wherein we substitute the target-specific antibody with designer DNA nanostructure-based molecular probes for recognizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus via multivalent, pattern-matching interactions. We meticulously designed a Net-shaped DNA nanostructure and strategically arranged trimeric clusters of aptamers that specifically recognize the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2. This approach has proven instrumental in bolstering virus-binding affinity on the LFAs. Our findings indicate high LFA sensitivity, enabling the detection of viral loads ranging from 103 to 108 viral copies/mL. This notable sensitivity is maintained across various SARS-CoV-2 viral strains, obviating the need for intricate sample preparation protocols. The significance of this heightened sensitivity lies in the crucial role played by the designer DNA nanostructure, which facilitates the detection of extremely low levels of viral loads. This not only enhances the overall reliability of self-testing but also reduces the likelihood of false-negative results, especially in cases of low viral load within patient samples

The first complete mitochondrial genome of the agricultural pest <i>Micromelalopha sieversi</i> (Staudinger, 1892) (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)

Micromelalopha sieversi (Staudinger, 1892) is a significant pest of Poplar trees in China. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to sequence the whole mitochondrial genome of M. sieversi. The length of the genome was 15,373 base pairs. The nucleotide composition was 39.8%, 11.5%, 8.0%, and 40.7% for A, C, G, and T, respectively. We used the maximum-likelihood method to construct a molecular phylogenetic tree based on complete mitogenome sequences of 19 Noctuoidea species as ingroups and five Geometroidea species as outgroups. The results indicate that the genus Micromelalopha is closely related to the genus Clostera in family Notodontidae.</p

Audio3_Influence of sigmoid plate and dura mater on vascular wall displacement, vibroacoustic/hydroacoustic sources characteristics, and frequency-loudness assessments of venous pulsatile tinnitus: A coupled-computational fluid dynamics study combining transcanal recording investigation.MP3

Investigations of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) caused by sigmoid sinus wall anomalies (SSWAs) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have recently increased in prevalence. However, accurate modeling of anatomical structures regarding sigmoid plate dehiscence and acoustic sources of PT remains lacking. This study incorporates coupled CFD techniques, micro-computed tomography, and scanning electron microscope to reveal the vibroacoustic and hydroacoustic sources and displacement characteristics of the transverse-sigmoid sinus system. Furthermore, the in vivo transcanal-recording technique combined with ipsilateral internal jugular vein compression was implemented to cross-reference the captured acoustic profile of PT with the calculated results. In this study, the transient state coupled CFD technique was used to calculate the vibroacoustic and hydroacoustic sources. The dehiscent sigmoid plate and periosteal dura mater were then reconstructed. The displacement characteristics and acoustic results were analyzed. The displacement of the vascular wall underneath the dehiscent area was 9.6 times larger than that of the sigmoid plate and 3,617 times smaller than that of the vascular wall without the overlying osseous structures. The peak amplitude of flow-induced vibroacoustic noise was 119.3 dB at 20.2 Hz measured at the transverse sinus. Within the observed 20–1,000 Hz frequency range, the largest peak amplitude of hydroacoustic noise was 80.0 dB at 20.2 Hz located at the jugular bulb region. The simulated results conformed with the in vivo acoustic profile which the major frequency of PT falls within 1,000 Hz. In conclusion, 1) the sigmoid plate and dura mater greatly impact vascular wall displacement, which should not be overlooked in CFD simulations. 2) By incorporating the transcanal recording technique with IJV compression test, the primary frequency of PT was found fluctuating below 1,000 Hz, which matches the frequency component simulated by the current CFD technique; amplitude-wise, however, the peak amplitude of in vivo pulse-synchronous somatosound measures approximately 10 dB, which is comparatively lesser than the CFD results and the subjectively perceived loudness of PT. Thus, the transmission pathway, intramastoid acoustic impedance/amplification effect, and the perceptive threshold of PT require further investigations to minimize the incidence of surgical failure.</p

Audio2_Influence of sigmoid plate and dura mater on vascular wall displacement, vibroacoustic/hydroacoustic sources characteristics, and frequency-loudness assessments of venous pulsatile tinnitus: A coupled-computational fluid dynamics study combining transcanal recording investigation.MP3

Investigations of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) caused by sigmoid sinus wall anomalies (SSWAs) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have recently increased in prevalence. However, accurate modeling of anatomical structures regarding sigmoid plate dehiscence and acoustic sources of PT remains lacking. This study incorporates coupled CFD techniques, micro-computed tomography, and scanning electron microscope to reveal the vibroacoustic and hydroacoustic sources and displacement characteristics of the transverse-sigmoid sinus system. Furthermore, the in vivo transcanal-recording technique combined with ipsilateral internal jugular vein compression was implemented to cross-reference the captured acoustic profile of PT with the calculated results. In this study, the transient state coupled CFD technique was used to calculate the vibroacoustic and hydroacoustic sources. The dehiscent sigmoid plate and periosteal dura mater were then reconstructed. The displacement characteristics and acoustic results were analyzed. The displacement of the vascular wall underneath the dehiscent area was 9.6 times larger than that of the sigmoid plate and 3,617 times smaller than that of the vascular wall without the overlying osseous structures. The peak amplitude of flow-induced vibroacoustic noise was 119.3 dB at 20.2 Hz measured at the transverse sinus. Within the observed 20–1,000 Hz frequency range, the largest peak amplitude of hydroacoustic noise was 80.0 dB at 20.2 Hz located at the jugular bulb region. The simulated results conformed with the in vivo acoustic profile which the major frequency of PT falls within 1,000 Hz. In conclusion, 1) the sigmoid plate and dura mater greatly impact vascular wall displacement, which should not be overlooked in CFD simulations. 2) By incorporating the transcanal recording technique with IJV compression test, the primary frequency of PT was found fluctuating below 1,000 Hz, which matches the frequency component simulated by the current CFD technique; amplitude-wise, however, the peak amplitude of in vivo pulse-synchronous somatosound measures approximately 10 dB, which is comparatively lesser than the CFD results and the subjectively perceived loudness of PT. Thus, the transmission pathway, intramastoid acoustic impedance/amplification effect, and the perceptive threshold of PT require further investigations to minimize the incidence of surgical failure.</p

Audio4_Influence of sigmoid plate and dura mater on vascular wall displacement, vibroacoustic/hydroacoustic sources characteristics, and frequency-loudness assessments of venous pulsatile tinnitus: A coupled-computational fluid dynamics study combining transcanal recording investigation.MP3

Investigations of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) caused by sigmoid sinus wall anomalies (SSWAs) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have recently increased in prevalence. However, accurate modeling of anatomical structures regarding sigmoid plate dehiscence and acoustic sources of PT remains lacking. This study incorporates coupled CFD techniques, micro-computed tomography, and scanning electron microscope to reveal the vibroacoustic and hydroacoustic sources and displacement characteristics of the transverse-sigmoid sinus system. Furthermore, the in vivo transcanal-recording technique combined with ipsilateral internal jugular vein compression was implemented to cross-reference the captured acoustic profile of PT with the calculated results. In this study, the transient state coupled CFD technique was used to calculate the vibroacoustic and hydroacoustic sources. The dehiscent sigmoid plate and periosteal dura mater were then reconstructed. The displacement characteristics and acoustic results were analyzed. The displacement of the vascular wall underneath the dehiscent area was 9.6 times larger than that of the sigmoid plate and 3,617 times smaller than that of the vascular wall without the overlying osseous structures. The peak amplitude of flow-induced vibroacoustic noise was 119.3 dB at 20.2 Hz measured at the transverse sinus. Within the observed 20–1,000 Hz frequency range, the largest peak amplitude of hydroacoustic noise was 80.0 dB at 20.2 Hz located at the jugular bulb region. The simulated results conformed with the in vivo acoustic profile which the major frequency of PT falls within 1,000 Hz. In conclusion, 1) the sigmoid plate and dura mater greatly impact vascular wall displacement, which should not be overlooked in CFD simulations. 2) By incorporating the transcanal recording technique with IJV compression test, the primary frequency of PT was found fluctuating below 1,000 Hz, which matches the frequency component simulated by the current CFD technique; amplitude-wise, however, the peak amplitude of in vivo pulse-synchronous somatosound measures approximately 10 dB, which is comparatively lesser than the CFD results and the subjectively perceived loudness of PT. Thus, the transmission pathway, intramastoid acoustic impedance/amplification effect, and the perceptive threshold of PT require further investigations to minimize the incidence of surgical failure.</p

Audio1_Influence of sigmoid plate and dura mater on vascular wall displacement, vibroacoustic/hydroacoustic sources characteristics, and frequency-loudness assessments of venous pulsatile tinnitus: A coupled-computational fluid dynamics study combining transcanal recording investigation.WAV

Investigations of pulsatile tinnitus (PT) caused by sigmoid sinus wall anomalies (SSWAs) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) have recently increased in prevalence. However, accurate modeling of anatomical structures regarding sigmoid plate dehiscence and acoustic sources of PT remains lacking. This study incorporates coupled CFD techniques, micro-computed tomography, and scanning electron microscope to reveal the vibroacoustic and hydroacoustic sources and displacement characteristics of the transverse-sigmoid sinus system. Furthermore, the in vivo transcanal-recording technique combined with ipsilateral internal jugular vein compression was implemented to cross-reference the captured acoustic profile of PT with the calculated results. In this study, the transient state coupled CFD technique was used to calculate the vibroacoustic and hydroacoustic sources. The dehiscent sigmoid plate and periosteal dura mater were then reconstructed. The displacement characteristics and acoustic results were analyzed. The displacement of the vascular wall underneath the dehiscent area was 9.6 times larger than that of the sigmoid plate and 3,617 times smaller than that of the vascular wall without the overlying osseous structures. The peak amplitude of flow-induced vibroacoustic noise was 119.3 dB at 20.2 Hz measured at the transverse sinus. Within the observed 20–1,000 Hz frequency range, the largest peak amplitude of hydroacoustic noise was 80.0 dB at 20.2 Hz located at the jugular bulb region. The simulated results conformed with the in vivo acoustic profile which the major frequency of PT falls within 1,000 Hz. In conclusion, 1) the sigmoid plate and dura mater greatly impact vascular wall displacement, which should not be overlooked in CFD simulations. 2) By incorporating the transcanal recording technique with IJV compression test, the primary frequency of PT was found fluctuating below 1,000 Hz, which matches the frequency component simulated by the current CFD technique; amplitude-wise, however, the peak amplitude of in vivo pulse-synchronous somatosound measures approximately 10 dB, which is comparatively lesser than the CFD results and the subjectively perceived loudness of PT. Thus, the transmission pathway, intramastoid acoustic impedance/amplification effect, and the perceptive threshold of PT require further investigations to minimize the incidence of surgical failure.</p

Frequency Response Expansion Strategy for Nonlinear Structures - Data

<p>Dataset for: "Frequency Response Expansion Strategy for Nonlinear Structures".<br> Authors: Xing Wang, Thomas L. Hill, Simon A. Neild.<br> Journal: Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing.</p

Modulating Cell Behaviors on Chiral Polymer Brush Films with Different Hydrophobic Side Groups

Chirality is one of the significant biochemical signatures of life. Nearly all biological polymers are homochiral as they usually show high preference toward one specific enantiomer. This phenomenon inspires us to design biomaterials with chiral units and study their interactions with cells and other biological entities. In this article, through adopting three pairs of aliphatic amino acids with different hydrophobic side groups as chiral species, and using two adhesive cell lines as examples, we show that the chirality of polymer brushes can trigger differential cell behaviors on the enantiomorphous surfaces, and more interestingly, such chiral effect on cellular behaviors can be modulated in a certain extent by varying the hydrophobic side groups of the chiral moieties composing the polymers. This work not only proves the versatility of the chiral effect at the cell level but also demonstrates a method to bridge the gap between organic signal molecules and biomaterials. It thus points out a promising approach for designing novel biomaterials based on the chiral effect, which will be an important complement for conventional strategies in the study of biomaterials

A simple protocol for the synthesis of <i>α</i>-substituted phosphonates

<p>An efficient, easy-to-handle, and mild substitution reaction approach has been developed for the synthesis of phosphonate derivatives, which are very important in the field of industrial, agricultural, and medicinal chemistry. A large number of nucleophiles, including arylamines, alkylamines, heteroarylamines, primary amines and secondary amines, sulfides, and carbides were attempted to react with α-tosyloxyphosphonate <b>1</b>. The reaction proceeded under catalyst-free and neat conditions and the corresponding phosphonates <b>2</b> were afforded in good yields.</p