The unique mouse pollination in an orchid species

The Chinese orchid, _Cymbidium serratum_, is pollinated by the wild mountain mouse _Rattus fulvescens_. The flowers use both odor and colour as attractants, and provide labellum as food reward for the pollinators. The mice pollinate the flowers during their endeavour to eat the labellums

Associated Production of Fermionic Dark Matter and Neutrino at the Future Lepton Colliders

In light of the fermionic dark matter absorption on electron target that can be observed by direct detection experiments, we study its complementary searches at the future $e^+ e^-$ colliders such as CEPC, FCC-ee, ILC, and CLIC. Two typical processes, the mono-photon and electron-positron pair production associated with missing energy, can serve the purpose. While the mono-photon search prevails at CEPC, FCC-ee, and ILC, the $e^+ e^-E_{T}^{\rm miss}$ channel has more significant contributions at CLIC with much higher collision energy $\sqrt s$. The beam polarizations can help further suppressing the SM backgrounds to enhance the signal significance while differential cross sections can distinguish the Lorentz structure of various effective operators. The combined sensitivity can reach well above 1 TeV at CEPC/FCC-ee and ILC while it further touches 30 TeV at CLIC. Comparing with the updated results from the dark matter direct detection experiments (XENON1T, PandaX-II, PandaX-4T, LZ, and XENONnT), astrophysical $X/\gamma$ observations, and cosmological constraints, the collider searches can not just provide better sensitivity for light dark matter mass but also scan much wider mass range.Comment: 34pages, 17 captioned figure

Interlayer Coupling of Co/NM/FM(NiFe and Co) Nano-Sandwich Films

AbstractCu/Co, Cu/NiFe, Ta/NiFe bilayers and Co/Cu/Co, Co/Cu/NiFe, Co/Ta/NiFe sandwich films were deposited by a magnetron sputtering method. Magnetic properties were evaluated by VSM and spin valve magnet oresistance was investigated by a four-probe method to study the interlayer coupling of the two magnetic layers. It has been found that the interlayer coupling depended not only on the layer thickness of the nonmagnetic spacer but also on the nature of the spacer. The interlayer coupling was reduced as the spacer layer thickness increased. The result was consistent with those from observations of the magnetic domain for the trilayers by means of Lorentz Electron Microscope. The trilayers with Cu spacer layer have shown a stronger coupling than those with Ta spacer layer

The simulated performance of GRANDProto300

GRANDProto300 is a 300-antenna prototype array of the envisioned GRAND (Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection) project. The goal of GRANDProto300 is to detect radio signals emitted by cosmic ray-induced air showers, with energies ranging from $10^{16.5}$~eV to $10^{18.5}$~eV, which covers the transition region between Galactic and extragalactic sources. We use simulations to optimize the layout of GRANDProto300 and develop a shower reconstruction method. Based on them, we present the performance of GRANDProto300 for cosmic-ray detection, by means of its effective area, angular resolution, and energy resolution.Comment: Presented at the 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2023), 8 pages, 9 figure

A molecular dynamics study of evaporation of multicomponent stationary and moving fuel droplets in multicomponent ambient gases under supercritical conditions

The evaporation of a six-component fuel droplet under supercritical conditions is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The focus here is on effects of multicomponent ambient gases and the relative motion between the droplet and the ambient. The ambient pressure ranges from 8 MPa to 36 MPa and the ambient temperature ranges from 750 K to 3600 K. In the lower range of the temperature and pressure, the average displacement increment (ADI) per fuel atom gradually increases with time and the classic evaporation is observed. In the higher range of the temperature and pressure, the ADI profile has a unimodal distribution with time and the diffusive mixing between the droplet and the ambient gases dominates. Based on the ADI profile of fuel atoms, a criterion (τ0.9P) for mode transition from evaporation to diffusion is proposed. Among the ambient gases investigated, the mode transition is the most difficult in the nitrogen ambient but the easiest in combustion exhaust gases. For multicomponent fuel droplets close to or in diffusion mode, with higher relative velocities, the relative difference between evaporation rates for light/heavy fuel components is reduced. This study demonstrates that supercritical conditions alone are insufficient for mode transition of evaporation