THE KINETIC ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS JUMP WITH BENT LEGS

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fatigue on lower extremity dynamics during 60s continuous jump with bent legs (CJBL). Twelve college students served as subjects in this study. A Kistler force plate (500Hz) was used to collect vertical ground reaction force. Dependent t-test was used to test the difference between prefatigue and post-fatigue (a = .05). There were significantly differences on instantaneous force, peak force before take-off phase, and average concentric power between prefatigue and post-fatigue during CJBL (

GOLF PUTTING GRIP DESIGN INFLUENCES ON PUTTING KINEMATICS

Putting is considered one of the most important skills in golf. Golf club designs have been consistenly introducing new design to enhance performance. The purpose of this paper was to look into the effects of grip sizes on putting kinematics. Ten (n=7) male, right-handed, novice-skilled golfers (height 172.4±3.4cm, weight 72.3±2.4kg, age 38.6 ±1.3yrs, and handicap 9.5 ±1.1) were recruited for the study. Research results suggest that larger grip design have affect on the kinematics of the putting characterics, with trait of shorter backswing, decrease in total rotation during downswing and shorterened rhythm &timing. Future study focuses on the cordinate change of body joints in relation to phase and relative club position, and synchronize with EMG data between various skill level

ANALYSIS OF GRIP FORCE DURING GOLF PUTTING AT DIFFERENT DISTANCES - PILOT STUDY

The purpose of this study was to explore the grip force performance at different distances during putting stroke. Four golfers (2 professionals and 2 novices) as accurately as possible executed a putt to reach 1, 2 and 3 m target distance, respectively. Putting motions were recorded by JVC video and grip pressure measurement sensor placed on two hands, allowing the force output of all regions of the hands to be measured. The grip force trace among 1 to 3 m distance was repeatable across putting strokes for each golfer but between golfers was inconsistent. Dominant forces appear to arise primarily from the left hand. In this study, the grip force and force distribution were preliminarily discovered during putting stroke at different distances. This research has suggested a potentially important influence of grip force on the golf putting performance in long distance

DYNAMICAL EFFECTS OF SPRINT START ON DIFFERENT STARTING BLOCKS

The purpose of this study was to examine the dynamical variables of sprint start in two different starting blocks setups. The ReacTime Personal Systems was used to record the Reaction Time (RT) and the Power of 20 teenaged sprinters (15 males and 5 females) in the sprint start. In addition, the Newtest Powertimer photocells were used to collect subjects’ 0 to 10 metre (T10) performance after the sprint start. The variables were tested by the repeated measures one-way ANOVA by SPSS 19.0 statistical software at a .05 significant level. The results showed that there were better effects on the short starting block (SB) in power generation performance than the long starting block (LB). The athletes can apply short starting block and make adjustments and modifications based on their training conditions

LEVERAGING SPORTING EQUIPMENT BALANCE AND WEIGHT DISTRUBUTION INFLUENCE ON PUTTING KINEMATICS –A STUDY ON COUNTER-BALANCED PUTTER DESIGN

In golf, putting is considered one of the most important factors for scoring of professional Tour players (Alexander & Kern, 2005), and accounts for 43% ± 2% per round (Pelz & Frank, 2000). Unlike the long game, short game like putting, is focused on its accuracy and consistency (Hume, Keogh & Reid, 2005). Putting stroke requires accurate and repeatable stroke especially during impact stage, and one of the most recent putter design is to grip down or to have extra weights on the grip end of the club, also known as the counterbalanced putter

THE INFLUENCE OF ADJUSTABLE PUTTER HEAD WEIGHTING ON THE STROKE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of putter head weighting towards the heel and the toe on the kinematic aspects of the putting stroke. Seven (n=7) male golfers (age 42.6 ±2.3 y) with high proficiency (handicap 9.5 ±1.4) were recruited for this study. The experiment was carried out in an indoor studio with artificial grass (Stimp 10). Two toe weight and two heel weight settings were tested and compared with the standard weighting. Results suggest that putter head weighing influences the characteristics of the putting stroke, and systematic differences were found between toe and heel weighting. It is concluded that fitting the weight and the balance of a putter head is critical for supporting each individual's stroke and putting performance

Antioxidant Activities and Phytochemicals of Leaf Extracts from 10 Native Rhododendron

Rhododendron, one of the most famous ornamental plants in the world, is traditionally a medicinal plant. However, the potential bioactivities of native Rhododendron in Taiwan have not been completely studied. In this study, the results revealed that Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum exhibited the best antioxidant activities among 10 native Rhododendron species in Taiwan. Furthermore, based on a bioactivity-guided isolation principle, nine specific phytochemicals were isolated and identified as (2R,3S)-catechin (1), (2R,3R)-epicatechin (1′), (2R,3R)-dihydromyricetin 3-O-β-l-arabinopyranoside (2), (2S,3S)-taxifolin 3-O-β-l-arabinopyranoside (2′), (2R,3R)-taxifolin 3-O-β-l-arabinopyranoside (3), myricetin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (3′), rutin (4), hyperoside (5), and quercitrin (6). Of these compounds, 2 and 3 were found to be major bioactive compounds, and their concentrations in the n-butanol (BuOH) fraction were determined to be 52.0 and 67.3 mg per gram, respectively. These results demonstrated that methanolic extracts of Rhododendron pseudochrysanthum leaves have excellent antioxidant activities and great potential as a source for natural health products

Side-by-Side In(OH)3 and In2O3 Nanotubes: Synthesis and Optical Properties

A simple and mild wet-chemical approach was developed for the synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) In(OH)3 nanostructures. By calcining the 1D In(OH)3 nanocrystals in air at 250 °C, 1D In2O3 nanocrystals with the same morphology were obtained. TEM results show that both 1D In(OH)3 and 1D In2O3 are composed of uniform nanotube bundles. SAED and XRD patterns indicate that 1D In(OH)3 and 1D In2O3 nanostructures are single crystalline and possess the same bcc crystalline structure as the bulk In(OH)3 and In2O3, respectively. TGA/DTA analyses of the precursor In(OH)3 and the final product In2O3 confirm the existence of CTAB molecules, and its content is about 6%. The optical absorption band edge of 1D In2O3 exhibits an evident blueshift with respect to that of the commercial In2O3 powders, which is caused by the increasing energy gap resulted from decreasing the grain size. A relatively strong and broad purple-blue emission band centered at 440 nm was observed in the room temperature PL spectrum of 1D In2O3 nanotube bundles, which was mainly attributed to the existence of the oxygen vacancies

Methodology and experiences of rapid advice guideline development for children with COVID-19: responding to the COVID-19 outbreak quickly and efficiently

BACKGROUND: Rapid Advice Guidelines (RAG) provide decision makers with guidance to respond to public health emergencies by developing evidence-based recommendations in a short period of time with a scientific and standardized approach. However, the experience from the development process of a RAG has so far not been systematically summarized. Therefore, our working group will take the experience of the development of the RAG for children with COVID-19 as an example to systematically explore the methodology, advantages, and challenges in the development of the RAG. We shall propose suggestions and reflections for future research, in order to provide a more detailed reference for future development of RAGs. RESULT: The development of the RAG by a group of 67 researchers from 11 countries took 50 days from the official commencement of the work (January 28, 2020) to submission (March 17, 2020). A total of 21 meetings were held with a total duration of 48 h (average 2.3 h per meeting) and an average of 16.5 participants attending. Only two of the ten recommendations were fully supported by direct evidence for COVID-19, three recommendations were supported by indirect evidence only, and the proportion of COVID-19 studies among the body of evidence in the remaining five recommendations ranged between 10 and 83%. Six of the ten recommendations used COVID-19 preprints as evidence support, and up to 50% of the studies with direct evidence on COVID-19 were preprints. CONCLUSIONS: In order to respond to public health emergencies, the development of RAG also requires a clear and transparent formulation process, usually using a large amount of indirect and non-peer-reviewed evidence to support the formation of recommendations. Strict following of the WHO RAG handbook does not only enhance the transparency and clarity of the guideline, but also can speed up the guideline development process, thereby saving time and labor costs