5,376 research outputs found
MBE-grown long wavelength InGaAlAs/InP laser diodes
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-116).by Woo-Young Choi.Ph.D
Effects of Strain on Electronic Properties of Graphene
We present first-principles calculations of electronic properties of graphene
under uniaxial and isotropic strains, respectively. The semi-metallic nature is
shown to persist up to a very large uniaxial strain of 30% except a very narrow
strain range where a tiny energy gap opens. As the uniaxial strain increases
along a certain direction, the Fermi velocity parallel to it decreases quickly
and vanishes eventually, whereas the Fermi velocity perpendicular to it
increases by as much as 25%. Thus, the low energy properties with small
uniaxial strains can be described by the generalized Weyl's equation while
massless and massive electrons coexist with large ones. The work function is
also predicted to increase substantially as both the uniaxial and isotropic
strain increases. Hence, the homogeneous strain in graphene can be regarded as
the effective electronic scalar potential.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures; Published versio
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Contribute to the Protective Immunity Induced by Intranasal Treatment with Fc-fused Interleukin-7 against Lethal Influenza Virus Infection
Developing a novel vaccine that can be applied against multiple strains of influenza virus is of utmost importance to human health. Previously, we demonstrated that the intranasal introduction of Fc-fused IL-7 (IL-7-mFc), a long-acting cytokine fusion protein, confers long-lasting prophylaxis against multiple strains of influenza A virus (IAV) by inducing the development of lung-resident memory-like T cells, called TRM-like cells. Here, we further investigated the mechanisms of IL-7-mFc-mediated protective immunity to IAVs. First, we found that IL-7-mFc treatment augments the accumulation of pulmonary T cells in 2 ways: recruiting blood circulating T cells into the lung and expanding T cells at the lung parenchyma. Second, the blockade of T cell migration from the lymph nodes (LNs) with FTY720 treatment was not required for mounting the protective immunity to IAV with IL-7-mFc, suggesting a more important role of IL-7 in T cells in the lungs. Third, IL-7-mFc treatment also recruited various innate immune cells into the lungs. Among these cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) play an important role in IL-7-mFc-mediated protective immunity through reducing the immunopathology and increasing IAV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. In summary, our results show that intranasal treatment with IL-7-mFc modulates pulmonary immune responses to IAV, affecting both innate and adaptive immune cells. ? 2017. The Korean Association of Immunologists.112Ysciescopuskc
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