PROBLEMS, INSIGHTS, AND COPING STRATEGIES OF SECOND-GENERATION FEMALE AMERICANS VS. FIRST GENERATION FEMALE ASIANS AS MANIFESTED IN SESSIONS WORKING WITH DREAMS

First and second generation Asian Americans are probably different in patterns of behavior and values and may have faced different issues and concerns resulting from significantly different living contexts (Sue & Zane, 1985). The present study investigated differences in problems, insights, and coping strategies between the two different groups of female Asians- first vs. second generation Asian Americans as manifested in sessions working with dreams using a qualitative research method. Seven second generation female Asian Americans and seven first generation female Asians were randomly chosen among 88 participants in the original study (Hill et al., 2007). Trained judges listened to the chosen sessions, created core ideas, developed categories and assigned each core idea into one or more categories. Results suggest that interpersonal issues and academic/post-graduation/career issues were typical for both groups. First generation Asians were more likely to present issues with immigration/cultural/adjustment and distress related to physical health issues than second generation Asian Americans. For all cases, insights about self, relationship, and present were typical for both groups. First generation Asians were more likely to develop insights about past and emotional insights than second generation participants. Both groups typically presented interpersonal behavioral changes as their coping strategies. Only first generation Asians typically presented changes in mental and/or emotional state of the client as their coping strategies

East Asians' or East Asian Americans' Preferences for Different Types of Psychotherapy

East Asians' or East Asian Americans' preferences for types of therapies were investigated. Fifty East Asian or East Asian Americans in Mid-Atlantic University completed a series of measures related to Asian values, preferences, and psychological/interpersonal characteristics. They then watched the four videotapes of Dr. Raskin (Client-Centered Therapy), Dr. Comas-Diaz (Ethnocentral Psychotherapy), Dr. Lazarus (cognitive behavioral segment in Multimodal Therapy), and Dr. Persons' (Cognitive Behavior Therapy) sessions, evaluated the session quality and the counselor credibility. They ranked the sessions in order of their preferences and were asked the reasons of their preference. The results indicated that Dr. Lazarus' session was most preferred, and Dr. Persons' session was least preferred by the participants. Participants' ratings of counselor credibility of Dr. Lazarus were significantly associated with participants' Interpersonal Dependency, and Preferences for Insight or Action-Oriented Therapy. The reasons of their preference are discussed

Predictors of outcome of dream work for East Asian volunteer clients: Dream factors, attachment anxiety, Asian values, and therapist input

Eighty-eight East Asian volunteers were paired with 6 Eas

Well-Being in First Year Medical Students

Objective: This study explored the well-being, attitudes toward counseling, willingness to seek counseling, and coping strategies of first year medical students. Gender differences in attitudes toward and willingness to seek counseling were also explored. Methods: One hundred five first year medical students (98 % response rate) were administered a 59-item questionnaire about well-being, attitudes toward counseling, willingness to seek counseling, and coping strategies during the first week of medical school. The data were analyzed with hierarchical regression and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: Female medical students were less willing to seek counseling and had more negative attitudes toward counseling compared to male medical students. Most students indicated that they chose not to seek counseling because they did not feel a need for it. Three students reported that stigma prevented them from seeking counseling. Unhealthy coping strategies (denial, self-blame, and substance use) were negatively associated with well-being while healthy coping strategies (active coping, emotional support, and instrumental support) did not correlate with well-being. Conclusions: Medical schools should continue efforts to make counseling accessible. Conversations about counseling may help address the more negative attitudes of female students toward counseling, a finding which merits further investigation given that women typically have more positive attitudes toward counseling than men. Use of unhealthy coping strategies can be addressed in classes, clubs, and by advisors and mentors. Limitations of this study include that only first year medical students were surveyed and that it was a cross sectional study

Well-Being in First Year Medical Students

Objective: This study explored the well-being, attitudes toward counseling, willingness to seek counseling, and coping strategies of first year medical students. Gender differences in attitudes toward and willingness to seek counseling were also explored. Methods: One hundred five first year medical students (98 % response rate) were administered a 59-item questionnaire about well-being, attitudes toward counseling, willingness to seek counseling, and coping strategies during the first week of medical school. The data were analyzed with hierarchical regression and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: Female medical students were less willing to seek counseling and had more negative attitudes toward counseling compared to male medical students. Most students indicated that they chose not to seek counseling because they did not feel a need for it. Three students reported that stigma prevented them from seeking counseling. Unhealthy coping strategies (denial, self-blame, and substance use) were negatively associated with well-being while healthy coping strategies (active coping, emotional support, and instrumental support) did not correlate with well-being. Conclusions: Medical schools should continue efforts to make counseling accessible. Conversations about counseling may help address the more negative attitudes of female students toward counseling, a finding which merits further investigation given that women typically have more positive attitudes toward counseling than men. Use of unhealthy coping strategies can be addressed in classes, clubs, and by advisors and mentors. Limitations of this study include that only first year medical students were surveyed and that it was a cross sectional study

Organophosphate Flame Retardants and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water Treatment Plants from Korea: Occurrence and Human Exposure

In this study, the concentrations of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFR) and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were investigated in raw water and treated water samples obtained from 18 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). The ∑13OPFR concentrations in the treated water samples (29.5–122 ng/L; median 47.5 ng/L) were lower than those in the raw water (37.7–231 ng/L; median 98.1 ng/L), which indicated the positive removal rates (0–80%) of ∑13OPFR in the DWTPs. The removal efficiencies of ∑27PFAS in the DWTPs ranged from −200% to 50%, with the ∑27PFAS concentrations in the raw water (4.15–154 ng/L; median 32.0 ng/L) being similar to or lower than those in the treated water (4.74–116 ng/L; median 42.2 ng/L). Among OPFR, tris(chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) were dominant in both raw water and treated water samples obtained from the DWTPs. The dominant PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)) in the raw water samples were slightly different from those in the treated water samples (PFOA, L-perfluorohexane sulfonate (L-PFHxS), and PFHxA). The 95-percentile daily intakes of ∑13OPFR and ∑27PFAS via drinking water consumption were estimated to be up to 4.9 ng/kg/d and 0.22 ng/kg/d, respectively. The hazard index values of OPFR and PFAS were lower than 1, suggesting the risks less than known hazardous levels

The Attainment of Insight in the Hill Dream Model: A Case Study

Using a variety of different measurement methods, it has been shown that clients valued insight in dream sessions and that they gained insight into their dreams as a result of sessions. However, very little is known about the mechanisms through which insight is attained in dream sessions, other than the fact that client involvement and therapist adherence and competence are related to insight gains and that therapist interpretation may not be necessary for insight gains. Knowledge about how client insight develops in dream sessions might provide clues about how insight develops in therapy more generally, a useful pursuit given that insight is a major goal of many therapies. The purpose of the present study, then, was to investigate the development of insight within a single case of dream work. Because we currently know little about how insight develops in dream sessions and because insight might develop differently across clients, we studied one case of a client who developed insight during a dream session. We used a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to maximize our ability to highlight the development of insight in this case. In this chapter we first describe the process and outcomes of the session, documenting that insight did occur. We then explore factors suggested from psychotherapy process research; dream work research; and our clinical experiences that may have facilitated or inhibited insight gains. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved