Finnish flies of the family Therevidae

An illustrated key for the 17 Finnish species of Therevidae is presented that includes six species recorded from neighbouring areas. Distributions of the Finnish species are discussed and presented in maps; evaluations concerning the threatenedness status of Finnish species are included

Checklist of the Diptera superfamilies Tephritoidea and Sciomyzoidea of Finland (Insecta)

A revised checklist of the flies of superfamilies Tephritoidea and Sciomyzoidea of Finland is provided. The following families are covered: Eurygnathomyiidae, Lonchaeidae, Neottiophilidae, Pallopteridae, Piophilidae, Platystomatidae, Tephritidae, Ulidiidae (Tephritoidea); Coelopidae, Dryomyzidae, Heterocheilidae, Phaeomyiidae, Sciomyzidae, Sepsidae (Sciomyzoidea).Peer reviewe

A molecular-based identification resource for the arthropods of Finland

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. Molecular Ecology Resources published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.To associate specimens identified by molecular characters to other biological knowledge, we need reference sequences annotated by Linnaean taxonomy. In this study, we (1) report the creation of a comprehensive reference library of DNA barcodes for the arthropods of an entire country (Finland), (2) publish this library, and (3) deliver a new identification tool for insects and spiders, as based on this resource. The reference library contains mtDNA COI barcodes for 11,275 (43%) of 26,437 arthropod species known from Finland, including 10,811 (45%) of 23,956 insect species. To quantify the improvement in identification accuracy enabled by the current reference library, we ran 1000 Finnish insect and spider species through the Barcode of Life Data system (BOLD) identification engine. Of these, 91% were correctly assigned to a unique species when compared to the new reference library alone, 85% were correctly identified when compared to BOLD with the new material included, and 75% with the new material excluded. To capitalize on this resource, we used the new reference material to train a probabilistic taxonomic assignment tool, FinPROTAX, scoring high success. For the full-length barcode region, the accuracy of taxonomic assignments at the level of classes, orders, families, subfamilies, tribes, genera, and species reached 99.9%, 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.7%, 99.4%, 96.8%, and 88.5%, respectively. The FinBOL arthropod reference library and FinPROTAX are available through the Finnish Biodiversity Information Facility (www.laji.fi) at https://laji.fi/en/theme/protax. Overall, the FinBOL investment represents a massive capacity-transfer from the taxonomic community of Finland to all sectors of society.Peer reviewe

Megaselia emarginata

Megaselia emarginata (Wood, 1908) Previously known from British Isles, Sweden and France to Poland and Portugal and east to Hungary. The first record for Finland. M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d. Male: Finland, LkOr: Pelkosenniemi, Kätkäaapa, 7453290:3538068, open bog with springs, 3 Jun–9 Jul 2015, J. Salmela leg. (Malaise trap), K. Winqvist & A. Haarto det.Published as part of DISNEY, R. Henry L. & WINQVIST, Kaj, 2018, New records including new species of Megaselia Rondani and Triphleba Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae) from Finland, pp. 11-33 in Fragmenta Faunistica 61 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.3161/00159301FF2018.61.1.011, http://zenodo.org/record/625212

Megaselia confusus DISNEY & WINQVIST 2018, n. sp.

Megaselia confusus n. sp. (Figs 1–8) Diagnosis. (Male). In the keys to British species (Disney 1989) it runs to couplet 133, where neither lead fits. The subsequently described M. solii Disney runs to this couplet and is similar, but its hypopygium differs and it has shorter costal cilia and outermost axillary bristles, a longer hair palisade on the mid tibia and half as many differentiated posterodorsal hairs on the hind tibia. In Schmitz & Delage’s (1974) keys to Abteiling V it runs to couplet 29, where neither lead fits. Male. Frons as Fig. 1 and with very dense but very fine microtrichia. Cheek with 2 bristles and jowl with 2 that are a little longer and more robust. The subglobose postpedicels brown, with many pale spots, but without SPS vesicles. Palps and proboscis as Fig. 2. Thorax brown. Three notopleural bristles and mesopleuron with 5–8 hairs (Fig. 3). Scutellum with an anterior pair of hairs and a posterior pair of bristles. Abdominal tergites brown with moderate hairs that are only a little longer at rear of T6. Venter brown, and with hairs on segments 3–6. Hypopygium as Figs 4–5, the lobe of the right side of the hypandrium being vestigial. Fore tarsus with posterodorsal hair palisade on segments 1–4 and as Fig. 6. Dorsal hair palisade of mid tibia extends only about 0.4 times its length its length (Fig. 7). Hairs below basal half of hind femur shorter than those of anteroventral row of outer half (Fig. 8). Hind tibia with about two dozen differentiated posterodorsal hairs, without anterodorsals, and spinules of apical combs simple. Wings 1.34 mm long. Costal index 0.35. Costal ratios 6.3–6.4: 1.8: 1. Costal cilia (of section 3) 0.14 mm long. No hair at base of vein 3. With 2 unequal axillary bristles, the outer being 0.12 mm long. Sc not reaching R1. Thick veins brownish gray, veins 4–6 gray and 7 very pale. Membrane lightly tinged gray (not evident to naked eye when viewed against a white background). Haltere brown. M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d. Holotype male, Finland, Ab: Turku, Satava, Samppa, 67020.32310, roadside, 24 Jun 2016, K. Winqvist leg. (UCMZ, 39-83). Etymolo gy. Named M. confusus because at low magnifications it can be readily confused with several other species.Published as part of DISNEY, R. Henry L. & WINQVIST, Kaj, 2018, New records including new species of Megaselia Rondani and Triphleba Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae) from Finland, pp. 11-33 in Fragmenta Faunistica 61 (1) on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.3161/00159301FF2018.61.1.011, http://zenodo.org/record/625212

Megaselia kajaaniensis DISNEY & WINQVIST 2018, n. sp.

Megaselia kajaaniensis n. sp. (Figs 33–41) Diagnosis (male). In Schmitz’s (1957) key to Abteilung II species it runs to couplets 20 and 21 on page 432. M. intonsa Schmitz is immediately distinguished by its lack of hairs on segments 3 and 4 of the abdominal venter and its costal index being clearly less than 0.5. M. palmeni (Becker) also lacks hairs on segments 3 and 4 of the venter and has fewer bristles on the epandrium. The other three species are readily distinguished by their very different hypopygia. In the key to British species (Disney 1989) it runs to couplet 55, lead 1 to M. palmeni. Male. Head as Fig. 33, with dense but very fine microtrichia. Cheek with 5 bristles and jowl with two that are longer and more robust. Postpedicels without SPS vesicles. Palps pale brown or darker, with 6 bristles, a dozen hairs and small circular pits on their outer faces. Labrum pale and small. Labella pale and lacking short spinules below. Thorax brown. Three notopleural bristles and no cleft in front of these. Mesopleuron with 5–7 hairs and a bristle. Scutellum with an anterior pair of hairs, a posterior pair of bristles and a pair of small hairs (Figs 34–35). Abdominal tergites brown with numerous hairs that are longest at the rear of T6. Venter brown and with hairs on segments 3–6. Hypopygium as Figs 36–37. Middle and hind legs brown. Front legs, apart from brown bases to coxae, yellow. Fore tarsus as Fig. 38, with the basitarsus as Fig. 39. Dorsal hair palisade of mid tibia extends about 0.65 times its length. Hind femur as Fig. 40. Hind tibia with a dozen moderately differentiated posterodorsal hairs, without anterodorsals, and spinules of apical combs simple. Wings 1.3–1.6 mm long. Right wing of paratype as Fig. 41 but left wing lacks the cross vein linking veins 4 and 5 (as in normal phorid wings). Vein 7 not evident. Costal index 0.45–0.53. Costal ratios 3.5–4.2: 1.3– 1.4: 1. Costal cilia (of section 3) 0.10 mm long. No hair at base of vein 3. With 3 axillary bristles, the outer being 0.12 mm long. Sc not reaching R1. Haltere brown. Material examined. Holotype male, Finland, Ok: Kajaani, Otanmäki, 21 Jul 2015, 71086:35050, K. Winqvist leg. (UCMZ, 34-186). Paratype male, Ok: Kajaani, Pirttikangas, 71076:35052, 22 Jul 2015, K. Winqvist leg. (UCMZ, 34-188). Etymology. Named after the type locality. Comment. The cross vein in one wing of the paratype is a further case of a mutation restoring a plesiomorphic state (cf Disney 1985, 1991).Published as part of DISNEY, R. Henry L. & WINQVIST, Kaj, 2018, New records including new species of Megaselia Rondani and Triphleba Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae) from Finland, pp. 11-33 in Fragmenta Faunistica 61 (1) on pages 19-21, DOI: 10.3161/00159301FF2018.61.1.011, http://zenodo.org/record/625212

Megaselia utsjokiensis DISNEY & WINQVIST 2018, n. sp.

Megaselia utsjokiensis n. sp. (Figs 71–80) Dia gno s is (male). In the keys to British species (Disney 1989) it runs to couplet 275, lead 1 to M. cinerea Schmitz. It is immediately distinguished by having 3, not 2, bristles on the notopleuron, numerous SPS vesicles in the postpedicel and a much longer labrum. Male. Frons as Fig. 71 and with dense but very fine microtrichia. Cheek with 4 bristles and jowl with two that are much longer and more robust. Postpedicels with SPS vesicles (Fig. 73). Palps and proboscis as Fig. 72. Thorax brown. Three notopleural bristles, the middle one being shorter that the other two (Fig. 74). Mesopleuron bare (Fig. 74). Scutellum with an anterior pair of hairs and a posterior pair of bristles. Abdominal tergites brown with numerous hairs that are longest at the rear of T6. Venter gray, and with hairs on segments 3–6. Hypopygium as Figs 75– 77. Legs brown but parts of front legs yellowish brown or paler. Fore tarsus as Fig. 78. Dorsal hair palisade of mid tibia extends about 0.5–0.6 times its length. Hind femur as Fig. 79. Hind tibia with about two dozen weakly differentiated posterodorsal hairs, without anterodorsals, and spinules of apical combs simple. Wings (Fig. 80) 2.43 mm long. Costal index 0.52. Costal ratios 3.2: 1.5–1.6: 1. Costal cilia (of section 3) 0.17 mm long. Hair at base of vein 3 minute. With 5 axillary bristles, the outer being 0.19 mm long. Sc reaching R1. Haltere brown. Mat eria l e xa mi ned. Holotype male, Finland, LI: Utsjoki, Galddasjohka, 7764156: 3536707, 13 Jul–25 Aug 2016, J. Salmela leg. (Malaise trap) (5/16, (UCMZ, 39-83). E t y m o l o g y. From the type locality of the holotype.Published as part of DISNEY, R. Henry L. & WINQVIST, Kaj, 2018, New records including new species of Megaselia Rondani and Triphleba Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae) from Finland, pp. 11-33 in Fragmenta Faunistica 61 (1) on pages 27-28, DOI: 10.3161/00159301FF2018.61.1.011, http://zenodo.org/record/625212

Megaselia crassipes

Megaselia crassipes (Wood, 1909) The following is the first record for Finland. M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d. Male, Finland, Ab: Turku, Satava, 67028:32318, birch forest with reeds near sea, 1 Jul 2015, K. Winqvist leg.Published as part of DISNEY, R. Henry L. & WINQVIST, Kaj, 2018, New records including new species of Megaselia Rondani and Triphleba Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae) from Finland, pp. 11-33 in Fragmenta Faunistica 61 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.3161/00159301FF2018.61.1.011, http://zenodo.org/record/625212

Megaselia drakei Disney 1984

Megaselia drakei Disney, 1984 Previously known from England, Isle of Man, Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland. The following is the first record for Finland. Mat er ia l e x a mi n ed. Male, Finland, Ab: Turku, Satava, mixed forest, 67028:32324, 19 Jul 2015. K. Winqvist leg.Published as part of DISNEY, R. Henry L. & WINQVIST, Kaj, 2018, New records including new species of Megaselia Rondani and Triphleba Rondani (Diptera: Phoridae) from Finland, pp. 11-33 in Fragmenta Faunistica 61 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.3161/00159301FF2018.61.1.011, http://zenodo.org/record/625212