Decapod Crustaceans of the Flower Gardens Banks National Marine Sanctuary

Since 1985, new sampling and reexamination of existing specimens have resulted in the finding of more than 25 additional decapod crustacean species at the Flower Gardens Banks National Marine Sanctuary. Of the 106 species of decapods that inhabit the Sanctuary, the predominant groups are the families Alpheidae, Palaemonidae, Paguridae, Diogenidae, Mithracidae, and Panopeidae. The West Flower Gardens Bank has the most diverse fauna of the areas sampled (60 species). Stetson Bank has 14 species that have not been found on the Flower Gardens Banks proper. Three species are typically found on mooring lines and oil platforms. Differences in bottom type and sampling effort may account for species differences at each bank. The majority of the species have tropical distributions

Alpheopsis harperi (Decapoda: Alpheidae): A New Species of Snapping Shrimp from Texas

Alpheopsis harperi new species is described from the coast off Freeport, Texas. The shrimp most closely resembles A. trispinosus (Stimpson), a pantropical species. Alpheopsis harperi has a short rostrum, lacks carinae on the carapace, and has lamellate, toothless fingers· of the chelae

New distribution ranges and records of caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) from the west coast of Mexico

Geographic records are presented for 24 species of Caridea (Crustacea: Decapoda) along Pacific coast of Mexico, in the East Pacific. New records are presented for Psathyrocaris fragilis Wood-Mason, 1893 (from Peru to Mexico), Periclimenes infraspinis (Rathbun, 1902), Pontonia margarita Smith, 1869, Alpheus cristulifrons Rathbun, 1900, Alpheus umbo Kim & Abele, 1988, Automate rugosa Coutière, 1900, and Lysmata californica (Stimpson, 1866) (within the Gulf of California), and Typton hephaestus Holthuis, 1951 (from the Gulf of California to the Gulf of Tehuantepec, Mexico). Additional records are given that establish the presence of species at intermediate localities within the Gulf of California and along the southwestern coast of Mexico

Characterization of deep-sea benthic invertebrate megafauna of the Galapagos Islands

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Salinas-de-León, P., Martí-Puig, P., Buglass, S., Arnés-Urgellés, C., Rastoin-Laplane, E., Creemers, M., Cairns, S., Fisher, C., O'Hara, T., Ott, B., Raineault, N. A., Reiswig, H., Rouse, G., Rowley, S., Shank, T. M., Suarez, J., Watling, L., Wicksten, M. K., & Marsh, L. Characterization of deep-sea benthic invertebrate megafauna of the Galapagos Islands. Scientific Reports, 10(1), (2020): 13894, doi:10.1038/s41598-020-70744-1.The deep sea represents the largest and least explored biome on the planet. Despite the iconic status of the Galapagos Islands and being considered one of the most pristine locations on earth, the deep-sea benthic ecosystems of the archipelago are virtually unexplored in comparison to their shallow-water counterparts. In 2015, we embarked on a multi-disciplinary scientific expedition to conduct the first systematic characterization of deep-sea benthic invertebrate communities of the Galapagos, across a range of habitats. We explored seven sites to depths of over 3,300 m using a two-part Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) system aboard the E/V Nautilus, and collected 90 biological specimens that were preserved and sent to experts around the world for analysis. Of those, 30 taxa were determined to be undescribed and new to science, including members of five new genera (2 sponges and 3 cnidarians). We also systematically analysed image frame grabs from over 85 h of ROV footage to investigate patterns of species diversity and document the presence of a range of underwater communities between depths of 290 and 3,373 m, including cold-water coral communities, extensive glass sponge and octocoral gardens, and soft-sediment faunal communities. This characterization of Galapagos deep-sea benthic invertebrate megafauna across a range of ecosystems represents a first step to study future changes that may result from anthropogenic impacts to the planet’s climate and oceans, and informed the creation of fully protected deep-water areas in the Galapagos Marine Reserve that may help preserve these unique communities in our changing planet.We are thankful to the Ocean Exploration Trust as well as the pilots and crew aboard the E/V Nautilus during cruise NA064 for their assistance in sample collection and exploration using the Hercules ROV. Thank you to the NOAA Office of Exploration and Research for funding the E/V Nautilus Exploration Program (NA15OAR0110220). Further acknowledgements and thanks go out to the Charles Darwin Foundation and the Galapagos National Park Directorate for their collaboration and assistance in the exploration of the Galapagos Platform conducted under research permits PC-26–15 & PC-45-15. We also gratefully recognize the Government of Ecuador via the Ecuadorian Navy for permission to operate in their territorial waters. This research was supported by a grant from the Helmsley Charitable Trust and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. This publication is contribution number 2354 of the Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands

Randallia ornata

Randallia ornata (Randall, 1840) (Fig. 47G, H, Pl. 10G) Ilia ornata Randall, 1840: 129. Randallia ornata. — Stimpson 1857b: 471, pl. 19, fig. 3. — Holmes 1900: 100. — Rathbun 1904: 170; 1937: 172, pl. 49, figs. 1 2. — Weymouth 1910: 18, pl. 1, fig. 3. — Schmitt 1921: 188, fig. 11. — Johnson & Snook 1927: 363, fig. 314 — Ricketts et al. 1985: 321, fig. 247. — Jensen 1995: 34, fig. 52. — Hendrickx 1997: 163, fig. 114 (extensive synonymy). — Kuris et al. 2007: 640, pl. 319, fig. J. Randallia angelica Garth, 1940: 54, pl. 11, figs. 1, 2. Diagnosis. Carapace of adult nearly smooth, with few scattered granules and minute spinules on lateral margin, juveniles with numerous rough tubercles, posterior margin with two prominent tubercles. Front short, narrow; with concave anterior margin, eye set into margin. Third maxillipeds triangular, long. Cheliped long and subcylindrical; hand, fingers narrow, fingers acute. Pereopods 2–5 similar, with simple dactyls. Male, female genital openings sternal. Male carapace width 53.2 mm, female 34.9 mm. Color in life. Carapace cream marked with reddish to purple spots, patches; chelipeds, legs cream; chelipeds with red-purple bars, blotches; legs with prominent red to purple bands on merus. The color notes are from crabs taken at San Pedro, California. Habitat and depth. Sand, lowest intertidal zone to 94 m. The crab often buries itself leaving only the front exposed. Range. Mendocino County, California to Magdalena Bay, Baja California; northern Gulf of California between Isla Angel de la Guardia, Point Willard, Tiburon I. and Cape Tepoca, Sonora. Type locality "California" (perhaps Monterey, where some of Randall's specimens were collected). Remarks. Weymouth (1910), Schmitt (1921), and Rathbun (1937) reported Randallia bulligera Rathbun, 1898 from San Diego, California.There have been no subsequent reports of this crab from California. This crab has a tuberculate carapace. Schmitt speculated that this crab might actually be the juvenile of another species, but Hendrickx (1997: 160) treated it as a distinct species, usually ranging from Baja California, Mexico to Peru.Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 20

Pandalopsis dispar Rathbun 1902

Pandalopsis dispar Rathbun, 1902 (Fig. 25B) Pandalopsis dispar Rathbun, 1902: 902; 1904: 54, pl. 1, fig. 2. — Kozloff 1974: 163. — Butler 1980: 124. — Wicksten 1989b: 313. — Jensen 1995: 53, fig. 97. — Ivanov & Sokolov: 165. Diagnosis. Rostrum long, arched over eye, with 13–18 dorsal teeth, 2 or 3 spines, 9–15 ventral teeth. Eye large, pigmented. Carapace with strong antennal, moderate pterygostomian teeth. Antennular peduncle short, stylocerite short, flat; outer flagellum longer than body. Scaphocerite much longer than antennular peduncle, blade longer than lateral tooth; length of antennal flagellum 1.5 times as long as body length. Third maxilliped with antepenultimate segment with broad lamella, distal 2 segments slender, epipod present. Pereopods 1–4 with epipods. Pereopod 1 shorter than third maxilliped, ischium with broad lamella, dactyl with rounded apex. Pereopod 2 long, slender, with 26–33 carpal articles, chelate. Pereopods 3–5 slender, with simple dactyls; pereopod 3 with 0–1 spine on ischium, 7–9 outer, 3–5 inner meral spines; 2–3 carpal spines; pereopod 4 with 0-1 spine on ischium, 8–9 outer, 1-3 inner meral spines; 1–3 carpal spines; pereopod 5 without spine on ischium, 8–9 outer, 1–3 inner meral spines; 1–3 carpal spines. Posterior margin of abdominal somite 3 projecting over somite 4, pleura of somites 1–3 rounded, 4–5 with distolateral points, small spinule at midlateral posterior border of somites 4–5, somite 6 with posterolateral point. Telson narrow, 5–7 pairs dorsolateral spines, apex acute. Outer uropod longer than telson. Male total length 182 mm, female 208 mm. Color in life. Reddish orange, broken white bars on abdominal somites, posterior half of carapace; pereopods 3–5 with red, white bars (Butler 1980 color plate 8D). Habitat and depth. Continental shelf and upper slope, 46–649 m. Range. Western Bering Sea, Pribilof Is. to Manhattan Beach, Oregon. Type locality Chernofski Harbor, Unalaska I.Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 10

Pandalus danae Stimpson 1857

Pandalus danae Stimpson, 1857 (Fig. 25C–E, Pl. 4 C) Pandalus danae Stimpson, 1857a: 87. — Holmes 1900: 209, pl. 4, figs. 61–62. — Rathbun 1904: 47, fig. 13. — Schmitt 1921: 44, fig. 25, pl. 13, fig. 3. — Johnson & Snook 1927: 302, fig. 257 a, c. — MacGinitie & MacGinitie 1968: 272. — Kozloff 1974: 163. — Word & Charwat 1976: 179. — Butler 1980: 147. pl. 4A. — Ricketts et al. 1985: 352. — Jensen & Armstrong 1987: 216. — Wicksten 1991: 812. — Jensen 1995: 53, fig. 98. — Kuris et al. 2007: 637. Pandalus gurneyi Stimpson, 1871: 128. — Rathbun 1904: 50. — Schmitt 1921: 46, pl. 13, fig. 1. — Johnson & Snook 1927: 303, fig. 257b. — Word & Charwat 1976: 181. — Hendrickx & Wicksten 1989: 83, fig. 8C, D. Pandalus franciscorum Kingsley, 1878b: 94. Diagnosis. Rostrum 1.0–1.6 times as long as carapace, nearly straight to sharply upcurved, with 10–15 dorsal teeth, spines; 6–12 ventral teeth, apex trifid. Eye large. Stylocerite of first antennae short, flagella shorter than carapace. Scaphocerite narrow, lateral tooth exceeding blade, flagellum about equal to body length. Carapace with antennal, pterygostomian teeth. Third maxilliped without exopod but with epipod. Pereopods 1–4 with epipods. Pereopod 1 slender, chelate; ischium with slight lamina. Pereopods 2 unequal, left with about 60 carpal articles, right with 18–21 articles, epipods on pereopods 1–4. Pereopods 3–5 slender, margins spinulose, with 6–9 meral spines. Dorsal posterior margin of abdominal somite 3 slightly produced. Pleuron of somite 4 with weak posterolateral point, pleuron of somite 5 with strong posterolateral point. Somite 6 shorter than telson. Telson with 5 or 6 pairs dorsolateral spines, 2 pair terminal spines. Male total length to 123 mm, female to 140 mm. Color in life. Background translucent, marked with irregular striping, spots of brick red or chocolate brown, with fine brick-red dots between stripes. Fine blue spots on cardiac region of carapace. Antennae and appendages marked with striking bands of white, yellow, red or brown (Butler 1980, color plate 4A; Wicksten 1991). Habitat and depth. Sea grass beds, rocky reefs, mixed shell, sand; lowest intertidal zone to 185 m. Range. Black Hills, north side of Alaskan Peninsula, Alaska to San Quintin Bay, Baja California. Type locality Puget Sound. Remarks. These shrimp often are seen in cracks or near rocks during the day, where they may rest upside down. The long, banded antennae are conspicuous. These shrimp will pick at a diver's equipment or even a gloved hand, but do not show any obvious quivering of the antennae or waving the body, as is seen in tropical cleaner shrimps of the genus Lysmata (Wicksten 2009). Confusion remains as to whether or not P. danae and P. gurneyi are separate species.Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on pages 100-10

Petrolisthes cinctipes

<i>Petrolisthes cinctipes</i> (Randall, 1840) <p>(Fig. 37B, Pl. 8A)</p> <p> <i>Porcellana cinctipes</i> Randall, 1840: 136.</p> <p> <i>Petrolisthes cinctipes</i>. — Holmes 1900: 107 (part). — Rathbun 1904: 168. — Schmitt 1921: 179, fig. 113, pl. 32, fig. 1. — Johnson & Snook 1927: 351. — Haig 1960: 90, pl. 28, fig. 3 (extensive synonymy). — Wicksten 1973: 161. — Gonor & Gonor 1973: 225. — Haig & Abbott 1980: 588, fig. 24.18. — Hart 1982: 98, fig. 3. — Ricketts <i>et al</i>. 1985: 45, fig. 30. — Jensen 1995: 75, fig. 149. — Kuris <i>et al</i>. 2007: 648, pl. 326 A.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Front strongly deflexed, triangular, with deep median groove. Carapace about as long as wide, covered with fine granules. Chelipeds covered with fine granules, without setae. Merus with strongly projecting lobe on anterior margin. Carpus 1.5–2 times as long as wide, strong lobe occupying more than 0.25 of proximal anterior margin, anterior, posterior margins converging distally, posterior margin with row of tubercles forming ridge, ending distally in strong tooth. Chela smooth, gape with tuft of setae. Pereopods 2–4 rugose, merus unarmed, usually naked, that of third leg inflated; carpus nearly devoid of setae; propodus, dactyl with setae. Carapace length to 24 mm.</p> <p> <b>Color in life.</b> Light to dark brown, granules bluish, with blue, white comma-like mark on either side of cardiac area. Chelipeds with red spot at base of dactyl. Pereopods 2–4 with yellow median band on propodus, dactyl yellow with narrow brown band. Outer segments of maxillipeds red. Individuals ready to molt may be blue (Hart 1982).</p> <p> <b>Habitat and depth.</b> Under rocks or among mussel beds, midlittoral zone, rarely as deep as 64 m.</p> <p> <b>Range</b>. Porcher I., British Columbia to Santa Barbara, California. Type locality incorrectly given as "Sandwich Islands" (Hawaiian Is.). Some of Randall's specimens were collected at or near Monterey, California, which may be the actual type locality.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This is another very common intertidal crab, often found under rocks in rubble beds in the midlittoral zone. In life, pereopods 5 are folded alongside the carapace. Records of <i>P</i>. <i>cinctipes</i> from south of Point Conception prior to 1945 are likely to be misidentifications of <i>P</i>. <i>cabrilloi</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371</i> on page 15

Pasiphaea emarginata Rathbun 1902

<i>Pasiphaea emarginata</i> Rathbun, 1902 <p>(Fig. 8F–H)</p> <p> <i>Pasiphaea emarginata</i> Rathbun, 1902a: 905; 1904: 22, fig.4. — Schmitt 1921:30, fig. 15. — Ebeling <i>et al</i>. 1969: 12. — Word & Charwat 1976: 205. — Hendrickx & Estrada-Navarrete 1989: 112; 1996: 96, fig. 60. — Wicksten 2002: 134.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Postfrontal projection spine-like, directed obliquely upward. Carapace with small knob anterior to postfrontal tooth, small branchiostegal tooth supported by carina, dorsal carina extending to posterior margin, lateral H-shaped carina extending posteriorly along branchial region, two smaller carina parallel to this carina but dorsal to it, small Y-shaped carina near antennal region. Appendages similar to those of <i>P</i>. <i>pacifica</i>. Abdominal somites 1–5 slightly carinate, somite 6 with faint carina. Telson with dorsal groove, V-shaped posterior notch. Total length 81 mm.</p> <p> <b>Color in life.</b> Translucent, scattered red chromatophores on much of body; telson, uropods, antennae, maxillipeds with red tint.</p> <p> <b>Habitat and depth</b>. Mostly pelagic, 0–1600 m. Rarely taken in bottom trawls.</p> <p> <b>Range.</b> Santa Barbara Channel, California to Concepcion Bay, Gulf of California. Type locality off Concepcion Bay, Gulf of California.</p>Published as part of <i>Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371</i> on page 3

Cancridae Latreille 1802

Family Cancridae Latreille, 1802 The rock crabs, among the largest species of crabs in California or Oregon, have broad, oval carapaces and strong chelae. The front has several teeth, including a median tooth. The antennules fold back longitudinally. The antennal flagella are short and bear setae, especially in small animals. The third maxillipeds overlap the endostome. In many species, the ventrolateral parts of the body bear dense setae. Species of cancrids inhabit both rocky and sandy bottoms, or areas of rocks lying among sand. Metacarcinus magister (Rathbun, 1897) and M. gracilis (Dana, 1852), which usually live on open sand, have especially flattened appendages with long dactyls. Other species tend to have more rounded appendages with shorter dactyls, which often bear stiff setae or spines. Metacarcinus magister is the object of a commercial fishery, primarily from San Francisco, California northward. Natural predators of cancrids include octopuses, large fishes and the sea otter. See Garth & Abbott (1980) for a lengthy account of the natural history of these crabs. Until recently, the most comprehensive recent work on species of cancrids was that of Nations (1975). New morphological and molecular work by Schweitzer & Feldmann (2000) elevated the subgenera used by Nations to distinct generic status. The key follows those of Schmitt (1921) and Rathbun (1930), but incorporates the recent changes in generic nomenclature. A carapace is said to be areolated if it displays prominent elevated areas. The guide by Phillips (1939) is useful for identification of larger species.Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 22