Computer numerical control machine tool information reusability within virtual machining systems

Virtual Machining (VM) allows simulation of the machining process by realistically representing kinematic, static and dynamic behaviour of the intended machine tools. Using this method, manufacturing related issues can be brought to light and corrected before the product is physically manufactured. Machining systems utilised in the manufacturing processes are represented in the VM environment and there is a plethora of commercial VM software used in the industry. Each software system has a different focus and approach towards virtual machining; more than one system may be needed to complete machining verification. Thus, the significant increase in the use of virtual machining systems in industry has increased the need for information reusability. Substantial time and money has been put into the research of virtual machining systems. However, very little of this research has been deployed within industrial best practice and its acceptance by the end user remains unclear. This paper reviews current research trends in the domain of VM and also discusses how much of this research has been taken on board by software venders in order to facilitate machine tool information reusability. The authors present a use cases which utilises the novel concept of Machining Capability Profile (MCP) and the emerging STEP-NC compliant process planning framework for resource allocation. The use cases clearly demonstrate the benefits of using a neutral file format for representing MCPs, as opposed to remodelling and or reconfiguring of this information multiple times for different scenarios. The paper has shown through the use cases that MCPs are critical for representing recourse information from a kinematic, static and dynamic perspective that commercial software vendors can subsequently use. The impact of this on mainstream manufacturing industry is potentially significant as it will enable a true realisation of interoperability

Recombinant Goat VEGF164 Increases Hair Growth by Painting Process on the Skin of Shaved Mouse

To detect goat vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated regrowth of hair, full-length VEGF164 cDNA was cloned from Inner Mongolia cashmere goat (Capra hircus) into the pET-his prokaryotic expression vector, and the recombinant plasmid was transferred into E. coli BL21 cells. The expression of recombinant 6×his-gVEGF164 protein was induced by 0.5 mM isopropyl thio-β-D-galactoside at 32°C. Recombinant goat VEGF164 (rgVEGF164) was purified and identi ed by western blot using monoclonal anti-his and anti-VEGF antibodies. The rgVEGF164 was smeared onto the dorsal area of a shaved mouse, and we noted that hair regrowth in this area was faster than in the control group. Thus, rgVEGF164 increases hair growth in mice

Communication methodology between machine tools using MTConnect protocol

Development of smart manufacturing led to a trend of developing autonomous, accessible and cooperative numerical control equipment, which needs a communication subsystem that follows a universal accepted industrial standard. MTConnect has been widely considered as an efficient and sufficient protocol for data collection since its appearance. In this paper, a networked information exchange methodology between computer numerical control systems based on MTConnect technology is proposed, which includes the theoretical architecture of the information exchange module and the implementation of the module based on a CNC systems developed on the TwinCAT platform. A communication system according to the MTConnect protocol for CNC systems was designed, which is able to collect processing data from controllers and transmits those data between controllers by agent and client embedded in the information exchange module. The agent and client which were defined in the protocol were developed through C# language and MTConnect Managed SDK. The proposed methodology was implemented and tested on actual CNC system

RANKL expression in periodontal disease: Where does RANKL come from?

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease characterized by periodontal pocket formation and alveolar bone resorption. Periodontal bone resorption is induced by osteoclasts and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) which is an essential and central regulator of osteoclast development and osteoclast function. Therefore, RANKL plays a critical role in periodontal bone resorption. In this review, we have summarized the sources of RANKL in periodontal disease and explored which factors may regulate RANKL expression in this disease

Continuous carbon nanotube composite fibers for flexible aqueous lithium-ion batteries

Continuous composite fibers have been obtained by online modifying the direct-spun carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers with active materials (LiFePO 4 or LiTi 2 PO 4 ) through dipping and twisting. The composite fibers exhibit high specific capacity and good rate performance for an aqueous lithium-ion battery with 1 M Li 2 SO 4 electrolyte, due to the fast electron transport arising from the close contact between the active materials and CNTs. A flexible fiber-shaped aqueous lithium-ion battery fabricated from the composites can deliver a high specific capacity of 29.1 mAh g −1 at a current density of 0.25 A g −1 and a high energy density of 30.12 Wh kg −1 , showing the great potential of the composite fibers for applications in flexible energy storage devices

A freestanding CNTs film fabricated by pyrrole-modified CVD for capacitive deionization

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an excellent electrode material for capacitive deionization (CDI), due to their excellent electronic conductivity and outstanding chemical/physical stability. Their powder form and easy aggregation, however, have greatly limited their practical CDI performance. Aiming to address this issue, the authors report a freestanding CNT film which was fabricated by floating-catalyst chemical vapor deposition, as a binder-free electrode for CDI. By simply adjusting the pyrrole content in the precursor, the morphology of the resulting CNT film can be tuned to meet the requirements of CDI. In the presence of 2 wt.% pyrrole, the CNT film with a mesoporous structure exhibited a large specific surface area of 198 m2/g and an increased electric double-layer capacity (40 F/g), which is more than two times as large as that of the pristine CNT film. Due to these merits, the electrosorption capacity for sodium chloride (NaCl) of the CNT film electrode (11·39 mg/g) has been greatly improved compared with that of the pristine CNT film (4·52 mg/g), showing a good potential for large-scale practical CDI

Deflection estimation of industrial robots with flexible joints

The application of industrial robots in manufacturing industries has received considerable concerns due to the high flexibility, multifunctionality, and cost-efficiency. It is well known that the robot positioning accuracy is susceptible to the load and motion of robots owing to the insufficient stiffness of robots. Therefore, the machining accuracy improvement has been a research focus in the robotic manufacturing industries in the last decade. To overcome the measurement difficulty of the joint torque and position as well as the complex dynamic coupling between rotors and links, two forward dynamics algorithms for the robot deflection estimation are proposed in this paper. The robot kinematics and dynamics algorithms considering the dynamic coupling between rotors and links are developed based on Lie theory. The forward dynamics equations of robots are solved via the proposed algorithms: the implicit numerical integration algorithm and numerical iterative estimation algorithm. When only the motor position is available, the implicit numerical integration algorithm is employed to solve the forward dynamics equations to estimate the joint torque and position. At the same time, when both the motor position and torque are available, the forward dynamics equations can be reorganized as algebraic equations and solved by the numerical iterative estimation algorithm. Simulations of a 6-DOF serial robot are performed to verify the accuracy of the proposed algorithms

Research on the Construction of a Blockchain-Based Industrial Product Full Life Cycle Information Traceability System

The application of blockchain technology in industrial product quality traceability is analyzed to construct a new model of product quality traceability that is mainly based on blockchain technology and supplemented by an identity system. The blockchain-enabled overall technical architecture of an industrial product quality traceability system is explored, and a blockchain-based industrial product full life cycle information traceability system is constructed. First, the weights of the information indicators of different links of the industrial equipment information traceability system were calculated using the EAHP hierarchical analysis method. The manufacturing link had the largest weight, with a value of 18.8%. Second, the system’s functional module design is based on the weights. We designed and developed the industrial product information traceability platform based on the hybrid blockchain chain structure of private chain + alliance chain. Finally, a manufacturing enterprise in the Xinjiang region is taken as the research object, query validation is carried out for the products produced by the enterprise, and the average query time of the system is measured to be 65.376 ms. It can meet the traceability needs of consumers and enterprise users. The research can provide theoretical support and reference for the whole life cycle information traceability of industrial products