Reprocessing of legacy seismic reflection profile data and its implications for plate flexure in the vicinity of the Hawaiian islands

During 1975–1988, an academic research ship, R/V Robert D. Conrad, acquired more than 150,000-line-km of multichannel seismic reflection profile data from each of the world's main ocean basins and their margins. This extensive legacy seismic data set, which involved both single ship and two-ship data acquisition, has been widely used by the marine geoscience community. We report on our experience in reprocessing seismic reflection profile data acquired during Conrad cruise RC2308 to the Hawaiian Islands region in August/September 1982. We show that the application of modern, industry standard processing techniques, including filtering, de-bubble, deconvolution, and migration, can significantly enhance 40+ year old legacy seismic reflection profile data. The reprocessed data reveals more precisely, and with much less scatter, the flexure of Cretaceous Pacific oceanic crust caused by the Pliocene-Recent volcanic loads that comprise the Hawaiian Islands. A comparison of observed picks of top oceanic crust which has been corrected for the Hawaiian swell and the Molokai Fracture Zone with the calculations of a simple 3-dimensional elastic plate (flexure) model reveals a best fit elastic plate thickness of the lithosphere, Te, of 26.7 km, an average infill density of 2,701 kg m−3, and a Root Mean Square difference between observations and calculations of 305 m. Tests show these results depend weakly on the load density assumed and that the average infill density is close to what would be predicted from an arithmetic average of the flanking moat infill density and the infill density that immediately underlies the volcanic edifice

JOINT ANGLE CHANGES WITH VARIED FOOT POSITIONING IN ROCK CLIMBING

high-step on a vertical indoor wall using different foot positions 1) with the inside edge of the foot or 2) with the front part of the shoe/toe against the wall. Subjects self-selected the rate of movement and specific body positioning, other than the right foot, during each trial. Reflective markers identified elbow, shoulder hip, knee, and ankle joints. Minimum and maximum joint angles were found via 3D kinematic analysis. With the exception of the elbow, Maximum joint angles were different between the two foot positions, however, there were no differences in the Minimal angles for any of the studied joints. Results indicate that when foot position is altered the climber adjusts maximum angles of other joints to perform the movement