Driving Risk Detection Model of Deceleration Zone in Expressway Based on Generalized Regression Neural Network

Drivers’ mistakes may cause some traffic accidents, and such accidents can be avoided if prompt advice could be given to drivers. So, how to detect driving risk is the key factor. Firstly, the selected parameters of vehicle movement are reaction time, acceleration, initial speed, final speed, and velocity difference. The ANOVA results show that the velocity difference is not significant in different driving states, and the other four parameters can be used as input variables of neural network models in deceleration zone of expressway, which have fifteen different combinations. Then, the detection model results indicate that the prediction accuracy rate of testing set is up to 86.4%. An interesting finding is that the number of input variables is positively correlated with the prediction accuracy rate. By applying the method, the dangerous state of vehicles could be released through mobile internet as well as drivers' start of risky behaviors, such as fatigue driving, drunk driving, speeding driving, and distracted driving. Numerical analyses have been conducted to determine the conditions required for implementing this detection method. Furthermore, the empirical results of the present study have important implications for the reduction of crashes. Document type: Articl

Status of cardiovascular health among adults in a rural area of Northwest China: Results from a cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to assess the status of cardiovascular health among a rural population in Northwest China and to determine the associated factors for cardiovascular health.A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural areas of Hanzhong in Northwest China. Interview, physical examination, and fasting blood glucose and lipid measurements were completed for 2693 adults. The construct of cardiovascular health and the definitions of cardiovascular health metrics proposed by the American Heart Association were used to assess cardiovascular health. The proportions of subjects with cardiovascular health metrics were calculated, adjusting for age and sex. The multiple logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between ideal cardiovascular health and its associated factors.Only 0.5% (0.0% in men vs 0.9% in women, P = 0.002) of the participants had ideal cardiovascular health, whereas 33.8% (18.0% in men vs 50.0% in women, P < 0.001) and 65.7% (82.0% in men vs 49.1% in women, P < 0.001) of the participants had intermediate and poor cardiovascular health, respectively. The prevalence of poor cardiovascular health increased with increasing age (P < 0.001 for trend). Participants fulfilled, on average, 4.4 (95% confidence interval: 4.2-4.7) of the ideal cardiovascular health metrics. Also, 22.2% of the participants presented with 3 or fewer ideal metrics. Only 19.4% of the participants presented with 6 or more ideal metrics. 24.1% of the participants had all 4 ideal health factors, but only 1.1% of the participants had all 4 ideal health behaviors. Women were more likely to have ideal cardiovascular health, whereas adults aged 35 years or over and those who had a family history of hypertension were less likely to have ideal cardiovascular health.The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health was extremely low among the rural population in Northwest China. Most adults, especially men and the elderly, had a poor cardiovascular health status. To improve cardiovascular health among the rural population, efforts, especially lifestyle improvements, education and interventions to make healthier food choices, reduce salt intake, increase physical activities, and cease smoking, will be required at the individual, population, and social levels

Random Regret-Minimization Model for Emergency Resource Preallocation at Freeway Accident Black Spots

The preallocation of emergency resources is a mechanism increasing preparedness for uncertain traffic accidents under different weather conditions. This paper introduces the concept of accident probability of black spots and an improved accident frequency method to identify accident black spots and obtain the accident probability. At the same time, we propose a three-stage random regret-minimization (RRM) model to minimize the regret value of the attribute of overall response time, cost, and demand, which allocates limited emergency resources to more likely to happen accident spots. Due to the computational complexity of our model, a genetic algorithm is developed to solve a large-scale instance of the problem. A case study focuses on three-year rainy accidents’ data in Weifang, Linyi, and Rizhao of China to test the correctness and validity of the application of the model. Document type: Articl

Association between Long-Term Changes in Dietary Percentage of Energy from Fat and Obesity: Evidence from over 20 Years of Longitudinal Data

Objectives: This study assessed the associations between long-term trajectories of percentage of energy from fat (PEF) and obesity among Chinese adults. Methods: Longitudinal data collected by the China Health and Nutrition Survey from 1991 to 2015 were analyzed. A body mass index ≥28.0 was defined as general obesity. Participants’ baseline PEF levels were categorized as lower than the recommendation of the Chinese Dietary Guideline (20%), meeting the recommendation (20−30%), and higher than the recommendation (>30%). Patterns of PEF trajectories were identified by latent class trajectory analysis for overall participants and participants in different baseline PEF groups, respectively. Cox proportional hazards regression models with shared frailty were used to estimate associations between PEF and obesity. Results: Data on 13,025 participants with 72,191 visits were analyzed. Four patterns of PEF trajectory were identified for overall participants and participants in three different baseline PEF groups, respectively. Among overall participants, compared with “Baseline Low then Increase Pattern” (from 12% to 20%), participants with “Baseline Normal-Low then Increase-to-High Pattern” (from 20% to 32%) had a higher hazard of obesity (hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confident interval (CI) at 1.18 (1.01−1.37)). Compared with the “Stable Pattern” group (stable at around 18% and 22%, respectively), participants with “Sudden-Increase Pattern” (from 18% to 30%) in the baseline group whose PEF levels were lower than the recommendation and those with “Sudden-Increase then Decrease Pattern” (rapidly increased from 25% to 40%, and then decreased) in the baseline group who met the recommendation had higher hazards of obesity (HRs and 95% CIs being 1.65 (1.13−2.41) and 1.59 (1.03−2.46), respectively). Conclusions: Adults with a trajectory that involved a sudden increase to a high-level PEF had a higher risk of general obesity. People should avoid increasing PEF suddenly

Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of proportion of four-seed pods by soybean CSSLs

Soybean yield, as one of the most important and consistent breeding goals, can be greatly affected by the proportion of four-seed pods (PoFSP). In this study, QTL mapping was performed by PoFSP data and BLUE (Best Linear Unbiased Estimator) value of the chromosome segment substitution line population (CSSLs) constructed previously by the laboratory from 2016 to 2018, and phenotype-based bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was performed using the plant lines with PoFSP extreme phenotype. Totally, 5 ICIM QTLs were repeatedly detected, and 6 BSA QTLs were identified in CSSLs. For QTL (qPoFSP13-1) repeated in ICIM and BSA results, the secondary segregation populations were constructed for fine mapping and the interval was reduced to 100Kb. The mapping results showed that the QTL had an additive effect of gain from wild parents. A total of 14 genes were annotated in the delimited interval by fine mapping. Sequence analysis showed that all 14 genes had genetic variation in promoter region or CDS region. The qRT−PCR results showed that a total of 5 candidate genes were differentially expressed between the plant lines having antagonistic extreme phenotype (High PoFSP &gt; 35.92%, low PoFSP&lt; 17.56%). The results of haplotype analysis showed that all five genes had two or more major haplotypes in the resource population. Significant analysis of phenotypic differences between major haplotypes showed all five candidate genes had haplotype differences. And the genotypes of the major haplotypes with relatively high PoFSP of each gene were similar to those of wild soybean. The results of this study were of great significance to the study of candidate genes affecting soybean PoFSP, and provided a basis for the study of molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding and four-seed pods domestication

Exploring atherosclerosis imaging with contrast-enhanced MRI using PEGylated ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles

Plaque rupture is a critical concern due to its potential for severe outcomes such as cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction, underscoring the urgency of noninvasive early diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained prominence in plaque imaging, leveraging its noninvasiveness, high spatial resolution, and lack of ionizing radiation. Ultrasmall iron oxides, when modified with polyethylene glycol, exhibit prolonged blood circulation and passive targeting toward plaque sites, rendering them conducive for MRI. In this study, we synthesized ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles of approximately 3 nm via high-temperature thermal decomposition. Subsequent surface modification facilitated the creation of a dual-modality magnetic resonance/fluorescence probe. Upon intravenous administration of the probes, MRI assessment of atherosclerotic plaques and diagnostic evaluation were conducted. The application of Flash-3D sequence imaging revealed vascular constriction at lesion sites, accompanied by a gradual signal amplification postprobe injection. T1-weighted imaging of the carotid artery unveiled a progressive signal ratio increase between plaques and controls within 72 h post-administration. Fluorescence imaging of isolated carotid arteries exhibited incremental lesion-to-control signal ratios. Additionally, T1 imaging of the aorta demonstrated an evolving signal enhancement over 48 h. Therefore, the ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles hold immense promise for early and noninvasive diagnosis of plaques, providing an avenue for dynamic evaluation over an extended time frame

Mechanical enhancement of ripples and dimples in CaCO3/low-density unsaturated polyester resin composites

Incorporation of different fine grain calcium carbonate into CaCO _3 /low-density unsaturated polyester resin (LDUPR) composites was studied and evident mechanical enhancement of CaCO _3 on composites was investigated. Preliminary experiment results indicated that proper content of CaCO _3 was less than 30.00 phr (parts per hundreds of resin), suitable preparation temperature range was from 72.0 °C to 80.0 °C, and initiator content was 1.80 phr. Optimal preparation conditions of CaCO _3 /LDUPR samples were obtained with the presence of 25.00 phr CaCO _3 and 2.50 phr NH _4 HCO _3 at 76.0 °C based on preliminary experiments. The lowest apparent density of A-CaCO _3 /LDUPR composite was 0.53 ± 0.02 g · cm ^−3 with a compressive strength of 20.27 ± 0.51 MPa · g ^−1  · cm ^3 , and the highest specific compressive strength of the sample was 38.25 ± 1.43 MPa · g ^−1  · cm ^3 . It is attributed to the hindrance to cross-linking between unsaturated polyester and styrene, and to the decrease of exothermic heat of the polymerization, which was caused by the existence of CaCO _3 . Unusual matrix microstructure with regular ripples and dimples formed by CaCO _3 , and the particular mechanical enhancement of regular ripples and dimples in composites were explored. ‘CaCO _3 reefs’ concept, reefs-induced ripples, dimples of streams flowing, and resolution of external force with major force further being consumed models comprised the regulated mechanical enhancement of CaCO _3 in CaCO _3 /LDUPR composites. This particular polymerization retarding and mechanical strengthening were obvious for the finest grain CaCO _3

Advances in smart delivery of magnetic field-targeted drugs in cardiovascular diseases

AbstractMagnetic Drug Targeting (MDT) is of particular interest to researchers because of its good loading efficiency, targeting accuracy, and versatile use in vivo. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a global chronic disease with a high mortality rate, and the development of more precise and effective treatments is imminent. A growing number of studies have begun to explore the feasibility of MDT in CVD, but an up-to-date systematic summary is still lacking. This review discusses the current research status of MDT from guiding magnetic fields, magnetic nanocarriers, delivery channels, drug release control, and safety assessment. The current application status of MDT in CVD is also critically introduced. On this basis, new insights into the existing problems and future optimization directions of MDT are further highlighted

Non-metallic gold nanoclusters for oxygen activation and aerobic oxidation

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