Dynamical lattice computation of the Isgur-Wise functions τ1/2 and τ3/2

We perform a two-flavor dynamical lattice computation of the Isgur-Wise functions t1/2 and t3/2 at zero recoil in the static limit. We find t1/2(1) = 0.297(26) and t3/2(1) = 0.528(23) fulfilling Uraltsev’s sum rule by around 80%. We also comment on a persistent conflict between theory and experiment regarding semileptonic decays of B mesons into orbitally excited P wave D mesons, the so-called “1/2 versus 3/2 puzzle”, and we discuss the relevance of lattice results in this context

Edition juridique à Lyon au XVIe siècle (L\u27)

Mémoire de fin d\u27étude du diplôme de conservateur, promotion DCB19, portant sur l\u27édition juridique à Lyon au XVIe siècle

Multi-epoch Direct Imaging and Time-variable Scattered Light Morphology of the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk

We present H-band polarized scattered light imagery and JHK high-contrast spectroscopy of the protoplanetary disk around HD 163296 observed with the High-Contrast Coronographic Imager for Adaptive Optics (HiCIAO) and Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO)/Coronagraphic High Angular Resolution Imaging Spectrograph (CHARTS) instruments at Subaru Observatory. The polarimetric imagery resolve a broken ring structure surrounding HD 163296 that peaks at a distance along the major axis of 0 ''.65 (66 au) and extends out to 0 ''.98 (100 au) along the major axis. Our 2011 H-band data exhibit clear axisymmetry, with the NW and SE side of the disk exhibiting similar intensities. Our data are clearly different from 2016 epoch H-band observations of the Very Large Telescope (VLT)/Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet REsearch (SPHERE), which found a strong 2.7 x asymmetry between the NW and SE side of the disk. Collectively, these results indicate the presence of time-variable, non-azimuthally symmetric illumination of the outer disk. While our SCExAO/CHARIS data are sensitive enough to recover the planet candidate identified from NIRC2 in the thermal infrared (IR), we fail to detect an object with JHK brightness nominally consistent with this object. This suggests that the candidate is either fainter in JHK bands than model predictions, possibly due to extinction from the disk or atmospheric dust/clouds, or that it is an artifact of the data set/data processing, such as a residual speckle or partially subtracted disk feature. Assuming standard hot-start evolutionary models and a system age of 5 Myr, we set new, direct mass limits for the inner (outer) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)-predicted protoplanet candidate along the major (minor) disk axis of of 1.5 (2) M-J.NASA XRP program [NNX-17AF88G]This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Environmental versatility promotes modularity in genome-scale metabolic networks

BACKGROUND: The ubiquity of modules in biological networks may result from an evolutionary benefit of a modular organization. For instance, modularity may increase the rate of adaptive evolution, because modules can be easily combined into new arrangements that may benefit their carrier. Conversely, modularity may emerge as a by-product of some trait. We here ask whether this last scenario may play a role in genome-scale metabolic networks that need to sustain life in one or more chemical environments. For such networks, we define a network module as a maximal set of reactions that are fully coupled, i.e., whose fluxes can only vary in fixed proportions. This definition overcomes limitations of purely graph based analyses of metabolism by exploiting the functional links between reactions. We call a metabolic network viable in a given chemical environment if it can synthesize all of an organism's biomass compounds from nutrients in this environment. An organism's metabolism is highly versatile if it can sustain life in many different chemical environments. We here ask whether versatility affects the modularity of metabolic networks. RESULTS: Using recently developed techniques to randomly sample large numbers of viable metabolic networks from a vast space of metabolic networks, we use flux balance analysis to study in silico metabolic networks that differ in their versatility. We find that highly versatile networks are also highly modular. They contain more modules and more reactions that are organized into modules. Most or all reactions in a module are associated with the same biochemical pathways. Modules that arise in highly versatile networks generally involve reactions that process nutrients or closely related chemicals. We also observe that the metabolism of E. coli is significantly more modular than even our most versatile networks. CONCLUSIONS: Our work shows that modularity in metabolic networks can be a by-product of functional constraints, e.g., the need to sustain life in multiple environments. This organizational principle is insensitive to the environments we consider and to the number of reactions in a metabolic network. Because we observe this principle not just in one or few biological networks, but in large random samples of networks, we propose that it may be a generic principle of metabolic network organization

Neutral network sizes of biological RNA molecules can be computed and are not atypically small

BACKGROUND: Neutral networks or sets consist of all genotypes with a given phenotype. The size and structure of these sets has a strong influence on a biological system's robustness to mutations, and on its evolvability, the ability to produce phenotypic variation; in the few studied cases of molecular phenotypes, the larger this set, the greater both robustness and evolvability of phenotypes. Unfortunately, any one neutral set contains generally only a tiny fraction of genotype space. Thus, current methods cannot measure neutral set sizes accurately, except in the smallest genotype spaces. Results: Here we introduce a generalized Monte Carlo approach that can measure neutral set sizes in larger spaces. We apply our method to the genotype-to-phenotype mapping of RNA molecules, and show that it can reliably measure neutral set sizes for molecules up to 100 bases. We also study neutral set sizes of RNA structures in a publicly available database of functional, noncoding RNAs up to a length of 50 bases. We find that these neutral sets are larger than the neutral sets in 99.99% of random phenotypes. Software to estimate neutral network sizes is available at http://www.bioc.uzh.ch/wagner/publications-software.html. Conclusions: The biological RNA structures we examined are more abundant than random structures. This indicates that their robustness and their ability to produce new phenotypic variants may also be high

Analyse prospective de la rémunération des auteurs, artistes-interprètes et producteurs à l'ère de la numérisation

Les auteurs analysent les conséquences financières, présentes et à venir, de la révolution provoquée par les nouveaux moyens de communication de masse (chaînes de télévision câblées, lecteurs de DVD, Internet, etc.) dans la diffusion des oeuvres protégées par le droit de la propriété littéraire et artistique auprès d'un public de plus en plus vaste. Ils décrivent successivement l'extension continue de la notion d'oeuvre protégée, l'augmentation concomitante des revenus des droits patrimoniaux et les problèmes posés par la protection de ces droits contre le « piratage » (lois Hadopi), et enfin les perspectives de gestion de ces droits par le biais de nouvelles licences légales gérées par des Sociétés de Perception et de Répartition des Droits (SPRD).Licences légales ; Lois Hadopi ; OEuvres protégées ; Piratage ; Propriété littéraire et artistique ; SPRD

Analyse prospective de la rémunération des auteurs, artistes-interprètes et producteurs à l’ère de la numérisation

The authors analyse the present and coming financial consequences of the revolution caused by the new communication media (TV broadcast, DVD, internet…) towards the diffusion of literary and artistic works protected by intellectual property laws to an increasingly larger public. They successively describe the ongoing extension of the sense of protected works, the concomitant increase of incomes of property rights and the problems raised by the protection of these rights against piracy (Hadopi law), and finally the management perspectives of these rights by means of new legal licences controlled by companies in charge of collecting and distributing royalties (Sociétés de Perception et de Répartition des Droits - SPRD).Companies in Charge of Collecting and Distributing Royalties; Hadopi Laws; Intellectual Property; Legal Licences; Piracy; Protected Works

Quelles perspectives pour la politique publique de soutien au livre français à l’étranger ?

Rapport rédigé par Olivier Poivre d\u27Arvor, directeur de CulturesFrance, et Marc-André Wagner, secrétaire général du Centre national du livre, à la demande de Mme la Ministre de la culture et de la communication et présenté au Conseil du livre, le mardi 10 mars 2009. Ce rapport établit un état des lieux, pose un diagnostic et formule douze propositions sur la politique de soutien au livre français à l’étranger, qui représente près du quart du chiffre d’affaires de l’édition française