Results of abundance surveys of juvenile Atlantic and gulf Menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus and B. patronus

The estuarine populations of juvenile Atlantic and gulf menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus and B. patronus) were sampled during two-boat, surface-trawl, abundance surveys extensively conducted in the 1970s. Juvenile Atlantic menhaden were sampled in 39 estuarine streams along the U.S. Atlantic coast from northern Florida into Massachusetts. Juvenile gulf menhaden were sampled in 29 estuarine streams along the Gulf of Mexico from southeast Texas into western Florida. A stratified, two-stage, cluster sampling design was used. Annual estimates of relative juvenile abundance for each species of menhaden were obtained from catch-effort data from the surveys. There were no significant correlations, for either species, between the relative juvenile abundance estimates and fishery-dependent estimates of year-class strength. From 1972 to 1975, the relative abundance of juvenile Atlantic menhaden in north Atlantic estuaries decreased to near zero. (PDF file contains 22 pages.

An Empirical Evaluation of Theories of Saving

The theories of saving presented by Keynes, Duesenberry, and Friedman use three different measures of income to explain saving, and each theory has been supported by empirical evidence. The evidence consists of tests of a wide variety of hypotheses contained within or derived from the theories. The tests use many different kinds of data. The objective of this paper is to submit the basic behavioral hypotheses of each theory to a common test on constant data. The results show that the theories are equally acceptable on empirical grounds