13 research outputs found
D. Å epiÄ o problematici narodnih manjina 30-ih godina
Dragovan Å epiÄ je 1935. god. uspjeÅ”no, plastiÄno, objektivno ukazao na položaj manjina u sistemu Lige naroda. Nije bio povjesniÄar koji rekonstruira povijest, veÄ govori o ā tadaÅ”njoj ā sadaÅ”njosti, o vremenu u kojem promatra i zakljuÄuje, on je svjedok ali i tumaÄ. Ima u Å epiÄa i elemenata prognoze o sudbini Lige naroda, o manjinskom pitanju, o slobodi Lige da utjeÄe na rjeÅ”enje krize. Autor drži da toÄnost Å”epiÄevih razmiÅ”ljanja iz 30-ih godina valja danas smatrati dokazanim
Arbitration Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Croatia and the Government of the Republic of Slovenia
TumaÄe se razlozi koji opravdavaju autorovu tvrdnju da je ovaj Sporazum od znatne važnosti za obje države. Definira se bit (supstrat) spora i preciziraju se dva konkretna zahtjeva (demands) Slovenije. Oba zahtjeva su meÄunarodnopravno potpuno neutemeljena te predstavljaju jasnu teritorijalnu pretenziju na Å”tetu cjelovitosti državnog podruÄja Hrvatske. Sadržaj preambule Sporazuma i redom sve njegove Älanke prate autorove kritiÄke primjedbe. Älanku priloženi integralni tekst Sporazuma Äitatelju omoguÄava da ispita i provjeri opravdanost tih primjedaba. Dio odredaba Sporazuma u suprotnosti je s odredbama pozitivnog meÄunarodnog prava i stavlja jednu od stranaka u sporu u neravnopravan položaj. Od svih prigovora Sporazumu najteži i najodsudniji je onaj upuÄen dijelu Älanka 3. koji glasi: ā(1) Arbitražni sud utvrdit Äe (a) ...; (b) vezu Slovenije prema otvorenom moru; (c) režim za uporabu relevantnih morskih podruÄja.ā Zbog potpune besmislenosti i nerazumnosti, kao i ignoriranja Konvencije 82, taj dio Sporazuma, nerazumljiv i neprimjenjiv, valja ignorirati, smatrati ga nepostojeÄim. Opravdano je oÄekivati da Äe Arbitražni sud, primjenjujuÄi pravila i naÄela meÄunarodnog pozitivnog, obiÄajnog i kodificiranog prava, uspjeÅ”no utvrditi granicu na kopnu i na moru izmeÄu Hrvatske i Slovenije.Two neighbouring states, Croatia and Slovenia, have decided to resolve their territorial dispute by using diplomatic means for peaceful settlement of intergovernmental disputes. After many years of unsuccessful endeavours, both states concluded and agreed that they did not manage to resolve the dispute by diplomatic means; hence, these efforts were terminated. Subsequently, the two states in the dispute concluded an agreement, by which they established an ad hoc arbitral tribunal. They entrusted this tribunal with resolving their dispute. This essay critically indicates to the fact that the agreement has not clearly and impartially enough defined the positions of both parties as being entirely equal. Nevertheless, the agreement does not prevent the arbitral tribunal from issuing its award in conformity with the positive international law, should the arbitral tribunal not take into consideration the fact that one part of the agreement (article 3.1b and c) is to such an extent unclear, unintelligible and senseless that it is essential to consider it nonexistent
Collective Security and Croatian Foreign Policy
Vlastitom opisivanju i tumaÄenju pojma kolektivna sigurnost autor dodaje tuÄe definicije toga pojma, prikazuje kako je sustav kolektivne sigurnosti razraÄen u Povelji UN, te upozorava da cijeli sustav ne može uspjeÅ”no djelovati ako odreÄeni preduvjeti nisu ispunjeni.
Autor obrazlaže zaÅ”to hrvatska vanjska politika, usprkos svim njezinim loÅ”im iskustvima sa sustavom kolektivne sigurnosti definiranim u Povelji UN, treba biti izriÄito pozitivna, argumentirajuÄi svoje stajaliÅ”te iskustvima koje je Hrvatska stekla upravo u ratu koji joÅ” traje i agresiji koja je na nju izvrÅ”ena.Along with his own description and explanation of the concept of collective security the author adds other definitions of this concept. Thus, he shows how the collective security system was developed in the UN Charter and warns that the sytem cannot work unless certain conditions are met.
The author explains why Croatian foreign policy is positive, in spite of its negative experience with the collective security sytem defined by the UN Charter. This policy argues its standpoint based upon the experiences in aggresion conducted against Croatia in a war that is still continued
Paris Peace Treaty with Italy Signed on 10 February 1947
Autor ukazuje na važnost Deklaracije jugoslavenske Vlade, donesene u povodu potpisivanja Ugovora o miru s Italijom 1947. i RjeÅ”enja o prihvaÄanju sporazuma sadržanog u Memorandumu o suglasnosti vlada Jugoslavije, SAD-a, Francuske i Velike Britanije o Slobodnome Teritoriju Trsta 1954.The author emphasises the importance of the Declaration of the Yugoslav go-vernment issued on the occasion of the signing of the Treaty of Peace with Italy in 1947. He also stresses the importance of the Resolution concerning the acceptance of the Treaty incorporated within the Memorandum on the consensus of the go-vernments of Yugoslavia, USA, France and Great Britain over the issue of the Free Territory of Trieste
The Right of People to Self-Determination and the Abuse of This Right
Najvažnija glediÅ”ta koja se dotiÄu prava svih naroda na samoodreÄenje predstavljena su izabranim citatima iz radova koji se bave tim pitanjem, kao i iz dokumenata meÄunarodnog javnog prava. UtvrÄeno je da je to pravo istovremeno univerzalno usvojeno politiÄko naÄelo i pravilo pozitivnog meÄunarodnog prava. SuoÄeni smo u stvari s normom materijalnog meÄunarodnog prava. Treba ipak, naglasiti oÄigledno nepostojanje proceduralnih pravila koja bi regulirala proces u kojem narodi pokuÅ”avaju ostvariti svoje pravo na samoodreÄenje. Ta Äinjenica izaziva politiÄke i zakonodavne poteÅ”koÄe u meÄunarodnim odnosima. Slijedi diskusija o odnosu izmeÄu prava na samoodreÄenje i prava država na teritorijalnu cjelovitost. Sukob ta dva prava izaziva dodatna kontroverzna stajaliÅ”ta, kako u teoriji tako i u praksi. Autor se protivi uvjerenju da je taj sukob izmeÄu dvije nepromjenjive koncepcije nepremostiv i nepomirljiv. Svoju argumentaciju i stajaliÅ”ta temelji na "Deklaraciji o naÄelima meÄunarodnog prava o prijateljskim odnosima i suradnji izmeÄu država u skladu s Povelom Ujedinjenih Naroda". O samoodreÄenju se dalje raspravlja kao o problemu ustavnog prava, uzimajuÄi u obzir i ustave bivÅ”e Jugoslavije. Autor poriÄe i odbacuje tvrdnju da je pravo na samoodreÄenje naroda nekadaÅ”nje Jugoslavije bilo iskoriÅ”teno i uslijed toga viÅ”e ne postoji. Ta tzv. teorija konzumiranih prava politiÄki i pravno je neprihvatljiva. MeÄutim, kad bi ta "teorija" i bila prihvatljiva, bilo bi to samo s glediÅ”ta ustavnog prava, Äime bi se, s druge strane, u potpunosti prekrÅ”ile obveze sadržane u meÄunarodnom ugovornom pravu. Kao i mnoga druga prava, moguÄe je zloupotrijebiti i pravo na samoodreÄenje. Predstavljeni rad raspravlja naÄine i sredstva zloupotrebe prava na samoodreÄenje, kao i naÄine otkrivanja i utvrÄivanja zloupotrebe u konkretnim sluÄajevima. Kada se zloupotreba približava negiranju prava na samoodreÄenje, meÄunarodno pravo nije u moguÄnosti pružiti odgovor na sva moguÄa pitanja o dometu i stupnju tog prava. Koliko daleko se može protezati pravo na samoodreÄenje, a da se ne naruÅ”i struktura države? Odgovor na to pitanje leži u prouÄavanju iskustava steÄenih na podruÄju politike povijesti, meÄunarodnih odnosa i politologije.First, the most important points concerning the right of all peoples to self-determination is presented by quoting a selection of statements taken from doctrinal works, as well as from documents dealing with the respective part of Public International Law. The claim that this right is both, a universally accepted political principle, and a rule of positive International Law, is made. One is in fact faced with an indisputable norm of substantive International Law. However, it must also be stressed, that there is an evident lack of procedural rules which should regulate the process of of a people trying to realize their right to self-determination. This is an unpleasant fact generating political and legal difficulties in international relations.
Follows a discussion on the relation between the right to self-determination and the right of states to territorial integrity. The confrontation of these two rights, that of self-determination, and that of the integrity of states (sovereignty versus self-determination) generates further controversial standpoints, both in theory and practice. This confrontation leads to impression, or even conviction, that there is an insurmountable and irreconcilable conflict between the two unalterable conceptions. This standpoint is strongly opposed by the author. His argumentation and standpoint is based on the "Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in Accordance with the Charther of the United Nations."
The problems with self-determination are then discussed as a problem of Constitutional Law, taking also into consideration the constitutions of former Yugoslavia. The author denies and rejects the assertion that the right to self-determination of the peoples of former Yugoslavia has been used up, and therefore does not exist anymore. This so called "theory of consumed rights" is politically and legally, unacceptable. However, even if this "theory" would be acceptable, then it could only be acceptable from the point of view of constitutional law, and would in turn absolutely violate the obligations contained in international treaty law.
As with many other rights, it is also possible to abuse the right to self-determination. The present paper discusses ways and means of abusing the right to self-determination, as well as ways to discover and ascertain abuse in concrete cases. When abuse comes close to negating the right to self-determination, then International Law is unable to give answers to all possible questions about the scope and the extent of this right. How far can the right to self-determination go without pulverizing the structure of a State? The answer to this question lies in studying the experiences acquired in the field of political history, international laws and politology
Nastanak Ujedinjenih naroda u Å epiÄevim radovima
Autor utvrÄuje: Å epiÄ pažljivu Äitaocu daje lekciju iz diplomatskih
odnosa upravo na primjeru oformljenja Ujedinjenih nacija, njihove
strukture, naÄina odluÄivanja, Älanstva itd. Istodobno, Å epiÄ daje
u svojim prilozima sretan spoj povijesnog rada i svojih osobnih karakteristika objektivnog promatraÄa samoga povijesnog dogaÄanja, Å epiÄ nadopunjuje i produbljuje saznanja koja su potrebna za razumijevanja kako Ujedinjenih nacija tako i razvoja poslijeratnih meÄunarodnih politiÄkih zbivanja, Å”epiÄevi radovi o Ujedinjenim nacijama poÅ”tena su znanstvena svjedoÄanstva, s teÅ”kom materijom koja je vjeÅ”to razraÄena, a izložena je objektivno i uzorno, zakljuÄuje autor