Concrete sewer pipe corrosion induced by sulphuric acid environment

Corrosion of concrete sewer pipes induced by sulphuric acid attack is a recognised problem worldwide, which is not only an attribute of countries with hot climate conditions as thought before. The significance of this problem is by far only realised when the pipe collapses causing surface flooding and other severe consequences. To change the existing post-reactive attitude of managing companies, easy to use and robust models are required to be developed which currently lack reliable data to be correctly calibrated. This paper focuses on laboratory experiments of establishing concrete pipe corrosion rate by submerging samples in to 0.5 pH sulphuric acid solution for 56 days under 10ºC, 20ºC and 30ºC temperature regimes. The result showed that at very early stage of the corrosion process the samples gained overall mass, at 30ºC the corrosion progressed quicker than for other temperature regimes, however with time the corrosion level for 10ºC and 20ºC regimes tended towards those at 30ºC. Overall, at these conditions the corrosion rates of 10 mm/year, 13,5 mm/year and 17 mm/year were observed

Studies on prevalence of depression in urban areas in population based studies.

<p>Studies on prevalence of depression in urban areas in population based studies.</p

Gender and age-wise prevalence of depression in Chennai.

<p>Gender and age-wise prevalence of depression in Chennai.</p

Presentation_1_Modulatory effect of filarial infection on the systemic hormone levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome (DM-LF5).ppt

AimMetabolic syndrome (MS) refers to a group of co-morbidities which include central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Previously, we reported that childhood lymphatic filariasis (LF) confers significant protection against type-1 and type-2 forms of diabetes, by means of immunomodulation. In the present study, we studied the effect of LF on endocrine dysfunction in MS and Non-MS patients in baseline and after 10 years of follow-up.MethodsWe quantified the serum levels of pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon), incretins (Ghrelin, GIP and GLP-1) and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, visfatin, PAI-1 and resistin) by multiplex bead array system.ResultsMS (both LF- and LF+) subjects had increased insulin levels compared to NMS (both LF- and LF+) subjects. MS-LF+ subjects had significantly increased levels of glucagon, ghrelin, GIP and GLP-1 and decreased levels of adipsin, compared to MS-LF- subjects. Interestingly this effect was short-lived and was not seen in the follow-up samples.ConclusionOverall, LF infection might confer limited short-term beneficial effects against MS, by means of modulating the incretin levels,either directly or indirectly.</p

Table_1_Modulatory effect of filarial infection on the systemic hormone levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome (DM-LF5).xlsx

AimMetabolic syndrome (MS) refers to a group of co-morbidities which include central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Previously, we reported that childhood lymphatic filariasis (LF) confers significant protection against type-1 and type-2 forms of diabetes, by means of immunomodulation. In the present study, we studied the effect of LF on endocrine dysfunction in MS and Non-MS patients in baseline and after 10 years of follow-up.MethodsWe quantified the serum levels of pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon), incretins (Ghrelin, GIP and GLP-1) and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, visfatin, PAI-1 and resistin) by multiplex bead array system.ResultsMS (both LF- and LF+) subjects had increased insulin levels compared to NMS (both LF- and LF+) subjects. MS-LF+ subjects had significantly increased levels of glucagon, ghrelin, GIP and GLP-1 and decreased levels of adipsin, compared to MS-LF- subjects. Interestingly this effect was short-lived and was not seen in the follow-up samples.ConclusionOverall, LF infection might confer limited short-term beneficial effects against MS, by means of modulating the incretin levels,either directly or indirectly.</p

Univariate logistic regression analysis of depression with marital status, education and income levels.

<p>(1 USD = Rs. 50 approximately)</p

Modified PHQ-12 questionnaire.

<p>Modified PHQ-12 questionnaire.</p

The Standard of Care in Type 2 Diabetes: Re-evaluating the Treatment Paradigm.

There is currently a worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D) that is predicted to increase substantially in the next few years. With 80% of the global T2D population living in low to middle-income countries, there are issues with cost and of access to appropriate medicines. The objective of this symposium was to provide an overview of the efficacy and safety of glucose-lowering drugs, focussing in particular on sulfonylureas (SUs) in patients with T2D using data taken from both randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and real-world studies, the application of strategies to ensure optimal patient adherence and clinical outcomes, and the optimal use of SUs in terms of dose adjustment and agent choice to ensure the best clinical outcome. The symposium began by exploring a profile of the typical patient seen in diabetes clinical practice and the appropriate management of such a patient in the real world, before moving on to an overview of the risks associated with T2D and how the currently available agents, including newer antidiabetic medications, mitigate or exacerbate those risks. The final presentation provided an overview of real-world studies, the gap between RCTs and the real world, and the use of available glucose-lowering agents in daily clinical practice. Clinical evidence was presented demonstrating that tight glucose control improved both microvascular and macrovascular outcomes, but that aggressive treatment in patients with a very high cardiovascular risk could lead to adverse outcomes. Real-world data suggest that older agents such as SUs and metformin are being used in a large proportion of patients with T2D with demonstrable effectiveness, indicating that they still have a place in modern T2D management. The symposium, while acknowledging the need for newer antidiabetic drugs in specific situations and patient groups, recommended the continuation of SUs and metformin as the primary oral antidiabetic agents in resource-constrained regions of the world.Funding:Servier

T1DM is characterized by systemic inflammation with high levels of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines.

<p>Serum levels of IL-1β (a), IL-6 (b), TNF-α (c), and GM-CSF (d) were determined in NGT (n = 64), T1DM without MVC (n = 97) and T1DM subjects with MVC (n = 36) by ELISA. Each dot represents individual values with the horizontal line representing the geo mean. Significance was calculated by non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test and p<0.05 was considered significant. The indicated p values are for pair-wise comparisons.</p

T1DM is characterized by systemic endotoxemia with significantly decreased levels of LBP and EndoCAb.

<p>Serum levels of LPS (a), LBP (b), sCD14 (c) and EndoCAb (d) were determined in NGT (n = 64), T1DM without MVC (n = 97) and T1DM subjects with MVC (n = 36) by immune-assays. Each dot represents individual values with the horizontal line representing the geo mean. 36 T1DM subjects without MVC and 26 with MVC had undetectable levels of EndoCAb. Significance was calculated by non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test and p<0.05 was considered significant. The indicated p values are for pair-wise comparisons.</p