Discovery of drug-omics associations in type 2 diabetes with generative deep-learning models.

The application of multiple omics technologies in biomedical cohorts has the potential to reveal patient-level disease characteristics and individualized response to treatment. However, the scale and heterogeneous nature of multi-modal data makes integration and inference a non-trivial task. We developed a deep-learning-based framework, multi-omics variational autoencoders (MOVE), to integrate such data and applied it to a cohort of 789 people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with deep multi-omics phenotyping from the DIRECT consortium. Using in silico perturbations, we identified drug-omics associations across the multi-modal datasets for the 20 most prevalent drugs given to people with type 2 diabetes with substantially higher sensitivity than univariate statistical tests. From these, we among others, identified novel associations between metformin and the gut microbiota as well as opposite molecular responses for the two statins, simvastatin and atorvastatin. We used the associations to quantify drug-drug similarities, assess the degree of polypharmacy and conclude that drug effects are distributed across the multi-omics modalities. [Abstract copyright: © 2023. The Author(s).

The additional value of patient-reported health status in predicting 1-year mortality after invasive coronary procedures: A report from the Euro Heart Survey on Coronary Revascularisation

Objective: Self-perceived health status may be helpful in identifying patients at high risk for adverse outcomes. The Euro Heart Survey on Coronary Revascularization (EHS-CR) provided an opportunity to explore whether impaired health status was a predictor of 1-year mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing angiographic procedures. Methods: Data from the EHS-CR that included 5619 patients from 31 member countries of the European Society of Cardiology were used. Inclusion criteria for the current study were completion of a self-report measure of health status, the EuroQol Questionnaire (EQ-5D) at discharge and information on 1-year follow-up, resulting in a study population of 3786 patients. Results: The 1-year mortality was 3.2% (n = 120). Survivors reported fewer problems on the five dimensions of the EQ-5D as compared with non-survivors. A broad range of potential confounders were adjusted for, which reached a p<0.10 in the unadjusted analyses. In the adjusted analyses, problems with self-care (OR 3.45; 95% CI 2.14 to 5.59) and a low rating (≤ 60) on health status (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.47 to 3.94) were the most powerful independent predictors of mortality, among the 22 clinical variables included in the analysis. Furthermore, patients who reported no problems on all five dimensions had significantly lower 1-year mortality rates (OR 0.47; 95% CI 0.28 to 0.81). Conclusions: This analysis shows that impaired health status is associated with a 2-3-fold increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with CAD, independent of other conventional risk factors. These results highlight the importance of including patients' subjective experience of their own health status in the evaluation strategy to optimise risk stratification and management in clinical practice

INFLUENCIA DE LA MACROTEXTURA DE UNA CAPA DE RODADURA DELGADA EN LA EMISIÓN SONORA

peer reviewe

Relationship between road surface macrotexture characteristics and CPX noise of a bituminous gap-graded mixture

The aim of this study is to characterize the surface behavior (on an acoustical and a textural level) of bituminous mixtures. The relationship between a road surface characteristic (MPD) and close proxim- ity noise of a bituminous mixture has been analyzed. The survey was conducted by the Laboratory of Acoustic Applied to Civil Engineering (LA2IC) on a test track with two experimental sections paved with ultrathin gap-graded mixtures, with dierent air void content. Acoustic eld measurements of the tire/pavement interaction in close proximity to the contact patch were carried out with a trailer with a protective chamber (TiresonicMk4-LA2IC). Also, measurements of supercial macrotexture prole have been performed with the LaserDynamicPG-LA2IC in order to understand the inuence of texture on sound generation of the analyzed bituminous mixtures. In this communication it is shown that the macrotexture prole of these ultrathin gap-graded pavements has a strong inuence on the sound generation at intermediate frequencies. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the commonly accepted belief, that road surfaces with high porosity emit less sound levels, is not always fullled

Pavement temperature influence on close proximity tire/road noise

The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of the surface temperature on the acoustical behaviour of a semidense asphalt pavement located in an urban area. The sound levels emitted by the interaction between a reference tire and the asphalt pavement at different surface temperatures were measured with the trailer Tiresonic Mk4 LA2IC-UCLM rolling at a speed of 50 km/h. The analysis of the results shows that increasing pavement temperature leads to a reduction in the close proximity sound levels assessed at a rate of 0.06 dB(A)/°C. Moreover, spectral analysis confirms that both the mechanisms associated with vibration and impacts and those related to the friction and adhesion between tire and pavement in the contact patch could be affected by the variation of the surface temperature

Effect of pavement temperature on the macrotexture of a semidense asphalt surface

International audienceThe temperature of the softening point of most bitumen is above 35ºC. Increasing the pavement temperature could change the texture surface of the pavement. The aim of this work is to analyze the influence of the surface temperature on the macrotexture of a semidense asphalt pavement located in an urban area and a semidense asphalt sample in laboratory. The superficial macrotexture profiles at different surface temperatures were measured with the LaserStaticPG-LA²IC and a texture scanner. The mean profile depth (MPD) and the texture spectra have been used for the macrotexture analysis. The analysis of the results shows that increasing pavement temperature does not necessary leads to a variation in the MPD index but a change of texture level has been observed for temperature superior to 40ºC. Moreover this study has allowed observing the repeatability of the measurements realized with the new LaserStaticPG-LA²IC and ensure another technique of road texture auscultation associating MPD and texture spectrum analysis to be used