Ciclo de cultivo e técnicas pós-colheita de yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poep. Endl.) em função do conteúdo de frutose total nos órgãos subterrâneos

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar o ciclo de cultivo de yacon ( Polymnia sonchifolia Poep. Endl.), em função do conteúdo de frutanos nos órgãos subterrâneos e estabelecer condições de armazenamento das raízes tuberosas para prolongar sua conservação pós-colheita. Para tanto, foram realizados dois experimentos na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Departamento de Produção Vegetal, FCA - UNESP, Botucatu. No primeiro, analisaram-se os teores de frutanos totais, açúcares redutores e massa fresca durante dez meses. No segundo, raízes colhidas aos oito meses foram armazenadas durante 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 15 dias, na condição ambiente, sem embalagem plástica, sob refrigeração a 4 0C, com e sem embalagem, e a -18 0C com embalagem. Foram analisados os teores de frutanos totais, açúcares redutores e a atividade da peroxidase nas diferentes condições de armazenamento. De acordo com os resultados das análises, o maior conteúdo de frutanos totais, tanto em raízes como em rizóforos, foram obtidos entre oito e nove meses de cultivo. Foi também nesta fase que se observou a maior produtividade de raízes tuberosas, mostrando ser essa a melhor época de colheita. A temperatura de armazenamento -18 0C mostrou maior eficiência na manutenção do conteúdo de frutanos durante os quinze dias. A atividade da peroxidase não apresentou alterações significativas quando as raízes foram armazenadas a -18 0C e a 4 0C, independentemente da embalagem.The present work had as its aim to determine the yacon cultivation cycle according to the fructan content on underground organs and establish storage condition of the tuberous roots in order to extend its post-harvest conservation. To do so, two experiments were carried out at Lageado Experimental Farm, Vegetable Production Departament, FCA-UNESP, Botucatu. In the first one, the total fructan contents, reducing sugar and fresh mass were analysed for ten months. In the second one, roots harvested whith eight-months old were stored for 0,3,6,9,12 and 15 days, on the regular environmental condition, without plastic packing under 4 0C of refrigeration, with and without packing, and at -18 0C with packing. The total fructans, reducing sugars and the peroxidase activity over the different storage condition were measured. According to the results of the analysis, the highest content of total fructans, both in roots and rizophores, was obtained between eight and nine months of cultivation. It was also during this period that it was observed the highest tuberous roots yield, proving this to be best one for harvesting. The -18 0C storage temperature showed higher afficiency one the keeping of the fructans content during the fifteen days. The peroxidase did not show significant changes when the roots were stored at - 18 0C and at 4 0C, regardless of packing

Efeito do alumínio no conteúdo de poliaminas livres e atividade da fosfatase ácida durante o crescimento de brotações de Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla cultivadas in vitro

This paper is aiming to evaluate the effects of different levels of the aluminum on the growth of the Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla shoots cultivated in vitro. Evaluations were carried out on pH and chemicals modifications of the culture medium by Geochem program, polyamines contents (putrescine, espermidine e espermine) and acid phosphatase ativity on the shoots. The trial had a totally randomized design with four treatments and four replicates. The treatments were: 0.0, 6.75,13.50 and 27 mg.L -1 of AlCl 3.6H 2. Evaluations were carried out on the 4th, 8th, 12th, 16th, 20th, 24th and 28th day of culture. The addition of the aluminium, in all concentrations, affected the culture medium ionic equilibrium, the morphology of the shoots, reduced the pH on the medium, induced an increase in polyamines content and higher acid phosphatase activity