Semaine d'Etude Mathématiques et Entreprises 6 : Analyse statistique des défauts en électronique analogique

Nous nous intéressons à des données issues de mesures de tensions sur des circuits électroniques analogiques. Plus précisément, il s'agit de proposer une analyse de courbes représentant l'évolution en fonction du temps des tensions en différents nœuds d'un circuit électronique. Notre objectif est de proposer une analyse automatisée de la qualité des courbes. Plus précisément, nous proposons ici des méthodes statistiques d'analyse de données capable de : -- Identifier d'éventuels patterns dans les courbes (classification), -- Isoler les courbes présentant des "anomalies" (détection de courbes suspectes)

Towards a Swiss health study with human biomonitoring: Learnings from the pilot phase about participation and design.

BACKGROUND A large-scale national cohort aiming at investigating the health status and determinants in the general population is essential for high-quality public health research and regulatory decision-making. We present the protocol and first results of the pilot phase to a Swiss national cohort aiming at establishing the study procedures, evaluating feasibility, and assessing participation and willingness to participate. METHODS The pilot phase 2020/21 included 3 components recruited via different channels: a population-based cross-sectional study targeting the adult population (20-69 years) of the Vaud and Bern cantons via personal invitation, a sub-study on selenium in a convenience sample of vegans and vegetarians via non-personal invitation in vegan/vegetarian networks, and a self-selected sample via news promotion (restricted protocol). Along with a participatory approach and participation, we tested the study procedures including online questionnaires, onsite health examination, food intake, physical activity assessments and biosample collection following high-quality standards. RESULTS The population-based study and the selenium sub-study had 638 (participation rate: 14%) and 109 participants, respectively, both with an over-representation of women. Of altogether 1349 recruited participants over 90% expressed interest in participating to a national health study, over 75% to contribute to medicine progress and help improving others' health, whereas about one third expressed concerns over data protection and data misuse. CONCLUSIONS Publicly accessible high-quality public health data and human biomonitoring samples were collected. There is high interest of the general population in taking part in a national cohort on health. Challenges reside in achieving a higher participation rate and external validity. For project management clear governance is key

Large expert-curated database for benchmarking document similarity detection in biomedical literature search

Document recommendation systems for locating relevant literature have mostly relied on methods developed a decade ago. This is largely due to the lack of a large offline gold-standard benchmark of relevant documents that cover a variety of research fields such that newly developed literature search techniques can be compared, improved and translated into practice. To overcome this bottleneck, we have established the RElevant LIterature SearcH consortium consisting of more than 1500 scientists from 84 countries, who have collectively annotated the relevance of over 180 000 PubMed-listed articles with regard to their respective seed (input) article/s. The majority of annotations were contributed by highly experienced, original authors of the seed articles. The collected data cover 76% of all unique PubMed Medical Subject Headings descriptors. No systematic biases were observed across different experience levels, research fields or time spent on annotations. More importantly, annotations of the same document pairs contributed by different scientists were highly concordant. We further show that the three representative baseline methods used to generate recommended articles for evaluation (Okapi Best Matching 25, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency and PubMed Related Articles) had similar overall performances. Additionally, we found that these methods each tend to produce distinct collections of recommended articles, suggesting that a hybrid method may be required to completely capture all relevant articles. The established database server located at https://relishdb.ict.griffith.edu.au is freely available for the downloading of annotation data and the blind testing of new methods. We expect that this benchmark will be useful for stimulating the development of new powerful techniques for title and title/abstract-based search engines for relevant articles in biomedical research.Peer reviewe

CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE L'EPIDEMIOLOGIE DE LA PESTE PORCINE CLASSIQUE DU SANGLIER (ETUDE SEROLOGIQUE SUR DES MARCASSINS)

MARCY L'ETOILE-Ec.Nat.Vétéri (691272301) / SudocSudocFranceF

Initial stages of AZ91 Mg alloy micro-arc anodizing: Growth mechanisms and effect on the corrosion resistance

10th International Symposium on Electrochemical Methods in Corrosion Research (EMCR), Maragogi, BRAZIL, NOV 18-23, 2012International audienceIn the framework of the new ecological regulations, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) appears as an alternative to usual processes in the field of corrosion protection of Mg alloys. In this work, the initial stages of anodic layer growth in KOH-based electrolytes are studied up to and beyond the initiation of the micro-arc regime. The properties of the first anodized film preceding the occurrence of the dielectric breakdown (corresponding to the start of the micro-arc regime) are mainly determined by the incorporation of additives (fluorides or silicates) in the film, as shown by in situ electrochemical measurements. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and micro-Raman spectroscopy reveal both the change of morphology and chemical state of silicate and fluoride in the anodized layer before and after the micro-arc regime. In terms of electrochemical behaviour, investigated by stationary methods and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in reference corrosive water, the anodic film grown in the silicate medium provides the best corrosion resistance thanks to a thick layer containing Mg2SiO4, whose degradation products seal the porosities of the coating

Influence of electrolyte ageing on the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of aluminium

International audienceThe chemical stability of the electrolyte in Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) has been the subject of much systematic investigation. The present study reports on experimental results on the ageing of a usual PEO electrolyte and its effect on the oxidation of the Al2214 aluminium alloy. A solution of potassium hydroxide ([KON] = 1 g L-1) and sodium silicate ([Na2SiO3] = 1.65 g L-1) diluted in deionised water was either aged by running a process during 8 h at most or not Comparison between materials treated in either solution was made next Cross-checked experimental results from analytical chemistry, plasma diagnostics and materials science clearly evidence the effect of ageing of the electrolyte on the PEO process behaviour. The transition from arc to ``soft'' regime occurs earlier (from 18 min to 13 min processing time) as the electrolyte gets older. The concomitant decrease in the electrolyte electrical conductivity (from 7.5 mS cm(-1) to 6.8 mS cm(-1)) is correlated with changes in the ionic species content in the electrolyte. Fast video-imaging (125 kfr/s) reveals that the micro-discharge characteristics are also sensitive since they become less numerous perarea and unit time (from 220 x 103 cm(-2) s(-1) to 120.x 103 cm(-2) s(-1)), exhibit shorter lifetime and have smaller sizes as the electrolyte ages. SEM observations of the as-grown coatings combined with roughness measures indicate a decrease in coating thickness (similar to 20%) and roughness (similar to 30%) while species from the electrolyte accumulate in the outer porous layer simultaneously with a gradual enrichment in alpha-Al2O3 phase in the inner compact layer (from 36% to 43%). Finally, within the PEO conditions that were used, it is shown that the ageing phenomenon of the PEO electrolyte starts to influence the process after 2 h aged

Use of real-world evidence in translational pharmacology research

Real-world evidence (RWE) refers to observational data gathered outside the formalism of randomized controlled trials, in real life situations, on marketed drugs. While clinical trials are the gold standards to demonstrate the efficacy and tolerability of a medicinal product, the generalizability of their results to actual use in real-life is limited by the biases induced by the very nature of clinical trials; indeed, the patients included in the trials may differ from actual users because of their concomitant diseases or treatments, or other factors excluding them from the trials. Clinical researchers and pharmaceutical industries have hence become increasingly interested in expanding and integrating RWE into clinical research, by capitalizing on the exponential growth in access to data from electronic health records, claims databases, electronic devices, software or mobile applications, registries embedded in clinical practice and social media. Meanwhile, applications of RWE may also be used for drug discovery and repurposing, for clinical developments and post-marketing studies. The aim of this review is to provide our opinion regarding the use of RWE in translational research, including non-clinical and clinical pharmacology research, at the different step of drugs development use

Table1_Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy During the Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey in the Canton of Vaud, Switzerland.docx

Objectives: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is a major obstacle in the fight against the pandemic. This study aimed to identify the local determinants of vaccine hesitancy in the context of COVID-19 to better inform future immunization campaigns.Methods: The study, conducted in February 2021, included 1,189 randomly selected inhabitants of the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. Online questionnaires investigated determinants of the intention to vaccinate. Previously validated scores (Cronbach’s alphas >0.70) were applied to our data for inclusion in the ordinal logistic regression model.Results: Individuals were more likely to vaccinate if they were 40 years or older, wealthy, reported a high educational attainment, or reported comorbidities. Doubts regarding vaccine safety and efficacy, mistrust in authorities and a propensity for natural immunity were identified as the main local hindrances to the COVID-19 vaccination.Conclusion: Outreach to people at risk of severe COVID-19 is particularly relevant in the pandemic context to help mitigate vaccine hesitancy in the canton of Vaud, and should take into consideration the level of education. Further investigation is needed to better understand reasons for mistrust in authorities.</p

Results of a Phase 1b study to confirm safety and tolerability of olesoxime in multiple sclerosis patients

International audienc

Results of a Phase 1b study to confirm safety and tolerability of olesoxime in multiple sclerosis patients

International audienc