28 research outputs found
Jezici u kontaktu i kontrastu--- Languages in Contact and Contrast: Essays in Contact Linguistics. Edited by Vladimir Ivir and Damir Kalogjera. Trends in Linguistics, Studies and Monographs 54. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin. New York 1991, 502 str.
Georgeta Ciobanu, \u27Romanian Words of English Origin\u27.- TimiÅoara: Editura Amphora, 1997. -144 str.
Jargonisms in bilingual dictionaries
Žargonizmi su dio leksika koji je vjerojatno najvise podložan brzim promjenama odnosno mnogo brže prestaje biti aktualan u jeziÄnoj uporabi od drugih leksiÄkih elemenata. Njihova je uporaba pretežno vezana uz usmenu komunikaciju i u pisanome se jeziku rabe mnogo rjeÄe. S obzirom na Äinjenicu da je teoretski gledano itekako poželjno da se svaki rjeÄnik temelji na opsežnoj graÄi zadanoj korpusom, u praksi se upravo kod govorenoga jezika (a tu je, dakako, ukljuÄen i žargon) nailazi na velike probleme. Korpusi su govorenoga jezika relativno rijetki, a ako i postoje, obiÄno nisu dostatni. Izbor je žargonizama za lijevu stranu dvojeziÄnoga rjeÄnika stoga prepuÅ”ten autorovu poznavanju toga leksiÄkoga segmenta. Pronalaženje pravoga ekvivalenta u jeziku desne strane zahtijeva visok stupanj jeziÄne kompetencije leksikografa.Jargonisms are a part of the lexicon, which is probably mostly affected by fast changes. They lose much quicker on actuality in language usage than other lexical elements. Their use is mostly connected with oral communication while in the written language they are used much more seldom. In theory every dictionary should be based on an exhaustive material provided by a corpus; practice, however, shows that huge problems arise when spoken language corpora -and jargon is part of it -are needed. Such corpora are relatively rare and if they exist they are mostly not sufficient. The choice of jargonisms for the left side of a bilingual dictionary is therefore in most cases left to the author\u27s knowledge of this lexical segment. The search for the exact equivalent in the language of the right side asks for a high degree of linguistic competence of the lexicographer
Neologisms at the boundary between linguistic openness and linguistic purism
Postoje razliÄite definicije neologizma -od onih koje tu jeziÄnu pojavu shvaÄaju vrlo usko do onih koji u tu kategoriju ubrajaju svaku novu rijeÄ, svako novo znaÄenje pa Äak i svaki novi morfem. Prema takvoj Å”iroj definiciji neologizma svaka je strana rijeÄ koja se pojavi u nekome jeziku neologizam; neologizmi su, dakle, posljedica otvorenosti nekoga jezika i njegove spremnosti da prihvati nove rijeÄi koje se "uvoze" zajedno s novim pojmovima. S druge strane, jeziÄni purizam koji se Äesto javlja upravo kao reakcija na (pre)velik priljev tuÄica takoÄer generira neologizme; ti su neologizmi, meÄutim, graÄeni od domaÄih sastavnica, ali su isto tako novina u jeziku. U prilogu Äe biti rijeÄi o tome kako otvorenost prema stranim utjecajima jednako kao i strogo jeziÄno Äistunstvo pogoduju obogaÄivanju jezika novim rijeÄima, te na koji se naÄin to odražava na sadržaj opÄih rjeÄnika i rjeÄnika neologizama.There are various definitions of neologism -ranging from those which describe it in a rather narrow sense to those which include into this linguistic category every new word, every new meaning, even new morphemes. According to such a wide definition every foreign word appearing in a language is a neologism; neologisms are thus the consequence of the openness of a language and its readiness to accept new words "imported" along with new concepts. On the other hand, linguistic purism which often comes as a reaction to a (too) large inflow of foreign words also generates neologisms; these neologisms, however, are built from native elements but are novelties in the language as well. Both linguistic openness towards foreign influences and a rigid purism are favourable to languages in enlarging their vocabularies. Neologisms are treated differently in various general monolingual dictionaries and dictionaries of neologisms, depending on the attitude towards normativity
In memoriam: Rudolf FilipoviÄ
In memoriam: Rudolf FilipoviÄ. 15. rujna 1916. - 20. prosinca 2000
On the parallel use of loan-words and their loan-translations
Before a loan-translation has established itself in a language it has to go through a phase in which it exists in parallel with the loan-word that had served as its model. The author discusses examples of such parallel use of English loan-words and their loan-translations in Croatian
Verbal Anglicisms in German
U ovome Äe prilogu biti rijeÄi o glagolskim anglicizmima, jednoj od vrlo zanimljivih kategorija u jeziÄnom posuÄivanju. Na temelju analize glagolskih anglicizama u njemaÄkom i povremenim usporedbama s hrvatskim glagolskim anglicizmima pokuÅ”at Äemo utvrditi kako se posuÄeni glagoli prilagoÄuju sustavima u tim jezicima. Razmatrat Äe se neke osobitosti tvorbe glagolskih anglicizama u njemaÄkom kao Å”to su zastupljenost pojedinih infinitivnih nastavaka, te moguÄnost stvaranja prijedložnih i složenih glagolskih anglicizama po uzoru na domaÄe glagole.Verbal Anglicisms are a rather interesting category among loan words and can be discussed from different points of view. While being integrated into the native system they have to adapt according to several rules imposed by the native verbal structure and these rules naturally differ from one language to another. This paper attempts to show some of the specific characteristics of verbal Anglicisms in German and, when possible, compare them to the ones in Croatian. On the basis of a corpus of some 120 verbal Anglicisms we have investigated the way in which they form the infinitive, fit into the German system of weak and strong verbs, build the perfect tense and form phrasal and complex verb
Apokopa i afereza u funkciji jeziÄne ekonomije
U Älanku se raspravlja o pojavi skraÄivanja rijeÄi koja je prisutna u veÄini jezika. SkraÄene
rijeÄi koje nastaju kao rezultat takvoga postupka dijele se obiÄno u nekoliko skupina, ovisno
o tome odbacuje li se kraj rijeÄi (tada se govori o apokopama), poÄetak rijeÄi (to su afereze),
ili se Ā»režeĀ« s obje strane. Takav tip skraÄenih rijeÄi najÄeÅ”Äe se javlja na supstandardnim
jeziÄnim razinama, ponajprije u žargonu i razgovornome jeziku, ali dio tako skraÄenih rijeÄi
zahvaljujuÄi Äestoj uporabi prelazi ponekad i u standard. Kao razlog za nastanak takvih rijeÄ
i autori obiÄno navode jeziÄnu ekonomiju i ona se zasigurno može smatrati glavnim poticajem
za skraÄivanje podužih izraza. Drugi je razlog afektivnost koja je u velikoj mjeri prisutna
u žargonu pa i razgovornom jeziku. Ispitivanjem razliÄitih kategorija skraÄenih rijeÄi
u hrvatskome i usporeÄujuÄi ih s gotovo identiÄnim tipovima u engleskom, francuskom i
njemaÄkom, pokuÅ”ava se utvrditi koje su bitne osobine te dosta raÅ”irene tvorbene pojave
New Concepts and New Words ā How Do Languages Cope With the Problem of Neology?
It is a well-known fact that languages react differently when foreign words denoting
new concepts have to be integrated into the native system. The procedure mostly depends
on the degree of purism present in a linguistic community: some languages are rather
open to foreign influences and do not demonstrate any special hostility towards new
words which are easily accepted and adapted to the phonological and morphological
systems of the receiving language. Languages, which have a strong puristic tradition,
usually channel their borrowings into the loan translation field using internal word formation
resources as a means of creating neologisms. Regardless of whether they are
built of native elements or appear as loans, neologisms are necessarily the result of linguistic
changes