3 research outputs found

    Mala repina pipa (Lixus scabricollis Boheman 1842.) novi štetnik cikle

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    Tijekom 2013. godine na cikli (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva Alef.) utvrđene su veće štete od pipa iz skupine dugorilaša. Determinacijom imaga i ličinki utvrđeno je da je štete prouzročila mala repina pipa Lixus scabricollis Boheman 1842. Njezina je prisutnost i štetnost do sada zabilježena samo na biljkama šećerne repe. Pregledom korijena cikle pronađeni su svi razvojni stadiji ličinke i kukuljice pipe. S obzirom na to da se na tom području cikla uzgaja dugi niz godina, važno je pridržavati se svih agrotehničkih mjera te integriranom zaštitom bilja pratiti i suzbijati ovog štetnika.During the 2013. on a red beet (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva Alef.) young larvae and adults of Lixus scabricollis Boheman 1842 were observed. Till now this species was recorded only on sugar beet as a pest of low significance and no impact on yield and this is the first record on red beet plants with big influence on red beet production. In the areas where red beet is cultivated for a long period it\u27s important that producers implement all agricultural measures with accent on Integrated pest management to control this new pest

    Mala repina pipa (Lixus scabricollis Boheman 1842.) novi štetnik cikle

    Get PDF
    Tijekom 2013. godine na cikli (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva Alef.) utvrđene su veće štete od pipa iz skupine dugorilaša. Determinacijom imaga i ličinki utvrđeno je da je štete prouzročila mala repina pipa Lixus scabricollis Boheman 1842. Njezina je prisutnost i štetnost do sada zabilježena samo na biljkama šećerne repe. Pregledom korijena cikle pronađeni su svi razvojni stadiji ličinke i kukuljice pipe. S obzirom na to da se na tom području cikla uzgaja dugi niz godina, važno je pridržavati se svih agrotehničkih mjera te integriranom zaštitom bilja pratiti i suzbijati ovog štetnika.During the 2013. on a red beet (Beta vulgaris var. conditiva Alef.) young larvae and adults of Lixus scabricollis Boheman 1842 were observed. Till now this species was recorded only on sugar beet as a pest of low significance and no impact on yield and this is the first record on red beet plants with big influence on red beet production. In the areas where red beet is cultivated for a long period it\u27s important that producers implement all agricultural measures with accent on Integrated pest management to control this new pest

    Global Warming, Climate Change and the Effect on Ticks and Tick borne Pathogens

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    U posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća suočeni smo s progresivnim globalnim zatopljenjem uzrokovanim prekomjernom koncentracijom stakleničkih plinova u atmosferi zbog ljudske aktivnosti. Globalno zatopljenje uzrokuje i široki raspon posljedica na ljudsko zdravlje, uključujući i promjene u širenju krpeljom prenosivih patogena. Vremenske i prostorne promjene temperature, oborine i vlaga imaju s velikom vjerojatnošću značajan učinak na biologiju i ekologiju krpelja-vektora, domaćina na kojem se krpelji hrane te mogućnost ransmisije uzročnika bolesti. Osnovni cilj ovog rada je ispitati i utvrditi imaju li promjene temperature učinak na sezonsku i prostornu raspodjelu krpeljnog meningoencefalitisa (KME) te kliničke osobitosti bolesti na području Koprivničko-križevačke županije. Retrospektivno smo prikupili i obradili demografske, epidemiološke i kliničke pokazatelje bolesnika, koji su zbog KME liječeni u Djelatnosti za infektivne bolesti Opće bolnice »Dr. Tomislav Bardek« u Koprivnici od 1979. do 2007. godine. Bolesnike smo ovisno o godini hospitalizacije radi mogućnosti uspoređivanja podataka raspodijelili u tri skupine: prva obuhvaća bolesnike od 1979. do 1988. godine, druga od 1989. do 1998. godine i tre}a od 1999. do 2007. godine. Temperatura zraka mjerena je na Meteorološkoj postaji Koprivnica koja se nalazi u mreži postaja Državnog hidrometeorološkog zavoda. Dijagnozu KME temeljimo na prisutnosti pleocitoze u lumbalnome likvoru (>5×106 stanica/litru) i prisutnosti specifičnih serumskih IgM, ili serokonverziji IgG protutijela, dva temeljna kriterija za uključivanje u studiju. Za dokaz serumskih protutijela koristio se enzimski imunotest (ELISA), a do njegovog uvođenja, test reakcije vezanja komplementa (RVK). Kriterij za isključivanje iz studije bili su bolesnici s pridruženom svježom infekcijom Borrelia burgdorfer sensi lato (BBSL). Tijekom provedenog istraživanja svježu infekciju virusom KME dokazali smo u 654 bolesnika, u dobi od 2 do 83 godine. Prevladava muški spol. U prvom desetljeću istraživanja oboljela su 304, u drugom 260, a u trećem 90 bolesnika. Bolest je (s izuzetkom siječnja) prisutna tijekom čitave godine, s najvećom incidencijom u lipnju i srpnju. Prvo promatrano desetljeće bilježi najveću incidenciju, dok se u posljednjem više od tri puta smanjila. U prvom desetljeću maksimum incidencije KME je u ljetnim, a minimum u zimskim mjesecima. Tijekom drugog desetljeća uočavamo izraziti pomak maksimuma incidencije prema proljetnim mjesecima. Jesenski mjeseci bilježe blagi porast, a u zimskim se incidencija više nego udvostručila. Obilježje trećeg promatranog razdoblja je značajan porast incidencije u jesenskim i zimskim mjesecima. U analiziranom razdoblju temperatura zraka prosječno je rasla 0,5 °C/10 godina. Povećanje temperature zraka bilježimo u svim mjesecima, osim u rujnu i prosincu. Najveće povećanje uočavamo u veljači i studenom, iako ni u ostalim mjesecima ona nisu zanemariva. Povećanje incidencije KME u proljetnim mjesecima i mjesecu listopadu, koju bilježimo tijekom posljednja dva promatrana razdoblja, može se povezati s povećnjem temperature u tim mjesecima. Ispitujući raspodjelu naših bolesnika prema mjestu prebivališta uočavamo sve izrazitiji pad incidencije na križevačkom području te sve učestaliji porast u nizinskim područjima naše županije. Klinički simptomi/znakovi bolesti su ostali isti. Promijenili su se klinički oblici – u prvom desetljeću prevladava aseptički meningitis, a u posljednja dva meningoencefalitis i meningoencefalomijelitis. Rezultati našeg dugogodišnjeg istraživanja pokazuju značajne promjene koje su se dogodile u sezonskoj i prostornoj raspodjeli bolesnika s KME, kliničkim oblicima bolesti. Učinak uočenih promjena, prvenstveno povećanje temperature zraka, naročito u jesenskom i zimskom razdoblju, bez obzira da li su one posljedica čovjekove aktivnosti, su važan, ali vjerojatno tek samo jedan u nizu znanih i neznanih čimbenika odgovornih za ove novonastale promjene u incidenciji KME na području Koprivničko-Križevačke županije.In the last several decades we have been facing a progressive global warming caused by an excessive concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere as a result of human activities. Global warming also causes a wide spectrum of consequences on the human health, including changes in the spread of tick borne pathogens. Temperature changes in time and space, precipitation and humidity have with great certainty a significant impact on biology and ecology of ticks-vectors, tick hosts and possible transmission of disease pathogens. Basic goal of this paper was to examine and determine whether temperature changes have an impact on seasonal and regional distribution of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), clinical characteristics of disease in the area of Koprivnica-Križevci County. We retrospectively collected and analyzed demographic, epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of patients treated for TBE at the Infectious Disease Department of the General Hospital »Dr.Tomislav Bardek« in Koprivnica from 1979 to 2007. Depending on the year of hospitalization, for comparative purposes, the patients were divided into three groups: the first group consisted of patients hospitalized from 1979 to 1988, the second group from 1989 to 1998 and the third group from 1999 to 2007. Air temperature was measured at the Meteorological Station Koprivnica, a member of the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service network. The diagnosis of TBE was based on the presence of pleocytosis in the cerebrospinal fluid (>5×106 cells/liter) and the presence of specific serum IgM, or seroconversion of IgG antibodies, that presented two basic criteria for patient enrolment in the study. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detection of serum antibodies, and up to its introduction, complement-binding reaction test. Exclusion criteria were patients with recently acquired BBSL co-infection. During the conducted research, recent TBE viral infection was detected in 654 patient, aged 2 to 83 years. Males predominated. In the first decade researched, a total of 304 patients fell ill, in the second 260 and in the third 90. The disease (except in January) was present throughout the year, with the highest incidence recorded in June and July. The first observed decade recorded the highest incidence, while in the last decade the incidence decreased for more than three times. In the first decade the maximum incidence of TBE was in the summer and minimum in the winter months. In the second decade we have noticed that the maximum incidence shifted towards spring months. Autumn months record a slight increase in the incidence rates, and in the winter months the incidence has more than doubled. The most prominent characteristic of the third observed period is a significant increase in the incidence rates in autumn and winter months. In the analyzed period, air temperature increased on the average for 0,5 °C/10 years. Higher air temperatures are recorded in all months, except in September and December. The highest increase was observed in February and November, although the remaining months also record increases. The increase of TBE incidence in the spring months and October, recorded in the last two observed periods, can be related to increased temperatures in those months. By analyzing the distribution of our patients according to place of living we noticed a decreased incidence in the area of Križevci, and increased in the plain areas of our County. Clinical symptoms/signs of disease remained the same. Clinical forms of disease have changed – aseptic meningitis predominated in the first decade and in the last two decades meningoencephalitis and meningoencephalomyelitis. The results of our long-term research have shown significant changes that occurred in seasonal and locational distribution of patients with TBE, as well as clinical forms of disease. The effect of observed changes, primarily increased air temperature especially during autumn and winter period, regardless whether being caused by human activities, are an important, but probably only one in a series of known and unknown factors responsible for this newly occurring changes in the TBE incidence in the Koprivnica-Križevci County
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