НОВЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ КОДОВОГО ПЕРЕКЛЮЧЕНИЯ: ПРАЙМИНГ, СВЕРХДИВЕРСИТЕТ, ТРИГГЕРИНГ, ОДНОВРЕМЕННОСТЬ И БИВАЛЕНТНОСТЬ

In this paper, we will try to understand a rather new phenomena for contact linguistics - priming, superdiversity, triggering, simultaneity and bivalence. Analysis of the language as a changing substance, mixed and unlimited, is very important for modern linguists. They have been trying to reproduce communicative situations artificially for the definition of new techniques of speech generation in bilingual speech. The most promising phenomenon for the organization of verbal and written communication of the bilinguals who use code-switching regularly is priming, which can be described as an uncontrolled impact on the interlocutors used to disclose and describe the mechanisms of perception of particular information. Less studied to this day are the phenomena of superdiversity, triggering, simultaneity and bivalence which we will try to understand in this article.В данной работе мы попытаемся понять достаточно новые для контактной лингвистики явления - прайминг, сверхдиверситет, триггеринг, одновременность и бивалентность. Анализ языка как изменяющейся субстанции, смешанной и неограниченной, является очень важным для современных лингвистов. В последнее время они пытаются искусственно воспроизвести коммуникативные ситуации для определения новых техник речепорождения в речи билингвов. Самым перспективным явлением для организации речевой и письменной коммуникации билингвов, регулярно переключающих код, является прайминг, который представляет собой неконтролируемое воздействие на собеседников, использующееся для раскрытия и описания механизмов восприятия той или иной информации. Менее изученными по сей день остаются явления сверхдиверситета триггеринга, одновременноста и бивалентноста, в которых мы постараемся разобраться в данной статье

Development and study of lightweight recycled composite materials based on linear low-density polyethylene and W for radiation application

Composite materials based on a polymer matrix of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and W were produced by thermal pressing. The content of W in the samples varied from 0 to 70 %. The recycling properties of LLDPE are demonstrated in this study, which significantly helped to reduce the defects. The microstructure of the composites consists of well-defined W grains covered by elastic LLDPE fibers. A homogeneous distribution of tungsten in the polymer matrix was observed for sample W70. The EDX analysis showed the presence of tungsten and carbon (from the polymer component). The XRD analysis confirms the increase in W content in the samples. The FTIR spectra of the composites showed an increase in the content of terminal methyl groups, a decrease in the molecular weight, and a decrease in the degree of crystallinity of the polyethylene matrix with an increase in the W content in the composite. The sample with 70 % W content has the highest effective density (2.61 g/cm3). The sample relative density ranges from 93.3 to 97.7 %. The porosity of LLDPE-W composites does not exceed 7 %. Gamma radiation shielding efficiency parameters such as LAC, HVL, and MFP were calculated using Phy-X/PSD. The radiation source was Co60, with an emission range of 0.8–2.5 MeV. As the gamma energy increases, it is observed that the values of all the parameters deteriorate. However, the sample with a maximum W content of 70 % has the best values of LAC, HVL, and MFP among the other samples

Isostatic hot-pressed tungsten radiation shields against gamma radiation

An isostatic hot-pressing technique for the fabrication of dense W samples' is presented. The samples’ microstructure and chemical content were analyzed. The most compact samples were received at 5 GPa pressure and 1500 and 2000 °C temperatures, with densities of 18.50 and 19.07 g/cm3, respectively. It has been established that high temperature exposure has a positive effect on both the microstructure and density. It is shown that as the sintering temperature increases, the porosity of the samples decreases from 32.31% to 0.94%, and their relative density increases from 67.69% to 99.06%. The crystal structure investigation revealed that all the samples contain the main body-centered cubic W phase, and the availability of the WO2 phase is observed just after the temperature of sintering increases above 1000 °C, which is confirmed by the appearance of 111 and 22-2 reflections. A study of the shielding effectiveness against gamma-radiation was carried out using the Phy-X/PSD software. A gamma-ray source of Co60 with energies of 0.8–2.5 MeV was applied for the calculations. The results were calculated for the sample with the highest density (19.07 g/cm3) and compared with the calculations for Pb. The W shielding effectiveness main parameters are determined: linear attenuation coefficient (at 0.8 MeV–1.46 cm-1), mean free path (at 2.5 MeV–1.2 cm) and half value layer (at 2.5 MeV–0.86 cm). These values turned out to be higher than for Pb, which makes shields based on W promising for use in the field of radiation protection