Chance aumentada de síndrome metabólica em mulheres vivendo com HIV/AIDS e Síndrome da Lipodistrofia

Modelo do estudo: Estudo de prevalência de corte transversal. Objetivo: comparar a sintomatologia critério para Síndrome Metabólica em homens e mulheres que vivem com HIV/aids, pacientes com Síndrome Lipoditrófica em terapia antirretroviral. Método: participaram do estudo 41 pacientes HIV positivos de ambos os sexos (18 a 69 anos), de um programa de orientação de exercício físico como terapia alternativa. Foi determinada a composição corporal total e regional por DXA, estatura, peso, circunferência de abdome, e determinação de parâmetros metabólicos (perfil lipídico e glicêmico) e imunológicos (detecção de carga viral e contagem de células T CD4+). Foram utilizados os critérios da IDF para o diagnóstico de SM. Resultados: As mulheres apresentaram maior gordura relativa (p = 0,001), obesidade central (p = 0,005), colesterol total (p = 0,043), LDL colesterol (p = 0,034) e contagem de CD4+ (p = 0,034) quando comparadas aos homens. Os valores médios para ambos os sexos apresentaram níveis elevados de triglicerídeos (> 211,4 mg.dL-1) e baixos de HDL (< 39,5 mg.dL- 1). A prevalência de Síndrome Metabólica nas mulheres foi duas vezes maior do que nos homens (p = 0,021), com significantes diferenças também na obesidade abdominal central (p = 0,005). Conclusões: A razão de prevalência (RP = 0,465) do sexo associado à Síndrome Metabólica indicou que as mulheres têm maior risco relativo e, portanto requerem ações alternativas na redução das chances de desenvolvimento desta síndromeStudy design: cross-sectional and prevalence study. Objective: compare symptoms criteria for Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in men and women living with HIV/aids, patients with lipodystrophy syndrome on antiretroviral therapy. Method: Forty-one patients of both sexes (18-69 years), from an exercise guidance program as alternative therapy. They had their body composition (DXA), height, weight, abdomen circumference, and lipid profile, blood glucose, blood pressure, and CD4+ count, determined. The IDF criteria for diagnosis of MS were used. Results: Women showed greater relative fat (p = 0.001), central obesity (p = 0.005), total cholesterol (p = 0.043) and LDL cholesterol (p = 0.034), and CD4+ count (p = 0.034) when compared to men. The mean values for both sexes showed high levels of triglycerides (> 211.4 mg.dL-1) and low HDL (< 39.5 mg.dL-1). The prevalence ratio of MS was twice in women than men (p = 0.005). Conclusion: The prevalence ratio (PR = 0.465) of sex metabolic syndrome-associated, shown that woman patients have higher relative risk and therefore require alternative actions to reduce the chances of developing this syndrom

Characteristics of resistance training-based protocols in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a scoping review of training procedure recommendations

Background: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical and functional disease characterized by the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia. Resistance training (RT) characteristics for older adults with sarcopenia or obesity are already well established in the scientific literature. Nonetheless, we still do not know how detailed the RT protocols are described for older adults with SO. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the characteristics of RT programs, including each of their variables, recommended for older adults with SO. Methods: This is a scoping review study that was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews. The search was carried out until November 2022 in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Google Scholar, and medRxiv databases. The studies included SO diagnosis and RT as an intervention strategy. The RT variables analyzed were as follows: exercise selection, the volume of sets, the intensity of load, repetition cadence, rest interval between sets, and weekly frequency. Results: A total of 1,693 studies were identified. After applying the exclusion criteria, 15 studies were included in the final analysis. The duration of the RT intervention ranged from 8 to 24 weeks. All studies included full-body routines, with single/multi-joint exercises. Regarding the volume of sets, some studies fixed it in three sets, whereas others varied between one and three sets. The load was reported by repetition range and the weight lifted, elastic-band color/resistance, percentage of one repetition maximum, or perceived exertion scale. Repetition cadence was fixed in some studies, while it was self-selected between concentric and eccentric phases in others. The interval between sets of rest varied from 30 to 180 s. All studies reported progression overload during the interventions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Characteristics of resistance training-based protocols in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a scoping review of training procedure recommendations

Background Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical and functional disease characterized by the coexistence of obesity and sarcopenia. Resistance training (RT) characteristics for older adults with sarcopenia or obesity are already well established in the scientific literature. Nonetheless, we still do not know how detailed the RT protocols are described for older adults with SO. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the characteristics of RT programs, including each of their variables, recommended for older adults with SO. Methods This is a scoping review study that was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Scoping Reviews. The search was carried out until November 2022 in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, LILACS, Google Scholar, and medRxiv databases. The studies included SO diagnosis and RT as an intervention strategy. The RT variables analyzed were as follows: exercise selection, the volume of sets, the intensity of load, repetition cadence, rest interval between sets, and weekly frequency. Results A total of 1,693 studies were identified. After applying the exclusion criteria, 15 studies were included in the final analysis. The duration of the RT intervention ranged from 8 to 24 weeks. All studies included full-body routines, with single/multi-joint exercises. Regarding the volume of sets, some studies fixed it in three sets, whereas others varied between one and three sets. The load was reported by repetition range and the weight lifted, elastic-band color/resistance, percentage of one repetition maximum, or perceived exertion scale. Repetition cadence was fixed in some studies, while it was self-selected between concentric and eccentric phases in others. The interval between sets of rest varied from 30 to 180 s. All studies reported progression overload during the interventions. Not all studies reported how the exercise selection, repetition cadence, and rest interval were made. Conclusion The characteristics of RT protocols and their variables prescribed in the literature for older adults with SO were mapped. The lack of detail on some training variables (i.e., exercise selection, repetition cadence, and rest interval) was identified. RT protocols are heterogeneous and described only partially among studies. The recommendations for RT prescription details in older adults with SO are provided for future studies. Systematic review registration https://osf.io/wzk3d/

O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados é determinante no desenvolvimento da obesidade

INTRODUCTION: The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) increases the risk for obesity development; however, the size and impact of this risk has not yet been quantified. OBJECTIVE: To determine the magnitude of UPF consumption in transition of nutritional status of overweight for obesity. METHODS: This observational study was conducted from the data of 15.024 adults of 18 to 59 years (Women: 56%), of the project Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL) of 2019. The nutritional status was determined through the body mass index (BMI). Values of BMI between 25 to 29.99 kg/m2 were classified as overweight (n=9618), and when ≥30kg/m2, they are obese (n=5406). The consumption of UPF was considered low (<9 units/day) or high (≥10 units/day). The risk factors: age, sex, scholarity, consumption <9 minimally processed foods (MPF), physical inactivity (≤150min/week of moderate to vigorous intensity), screen time per day, consumption of alcohol (yes/no), weekly consumption of tobacco (n° of cigarettes/week), high blood pressure (systolic >120mm/Hg and/or diastolic >80mm/Hg) and hyperglycemia (≥126mg/dL) were introduced on model of binary logistic regression for the calculus of Odds Ratio (OR) occurrence. RESULTS: The analysis showed that consumption of ≥10 UPF increases in 37% the odd of occurrence of obesity, regardless of other risk factors as: physical inactivity (OR=+26,1%), screen time (OR=+6,5%), consumption of ≥10 MPF (OR=-59%), absence of high-pressure levels (OR=-52,6%), of hyperglycemia (OR=-29,6%) and major scholarity (OR=-2,1%). CONCLUSION: The size of success in the intervention strategies for the prevention of obesity now is known. The effective intervention involves primarily factors like reduction of UPF consumption and increases of MPF consumption, with impact magnitude of 37% and 59% respectively.INTRODUCCIÓN: El consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados ​​(AUP) aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar obesidad, sin embargo, aún no se ha cuantificado el tamaño y el impacto de este riesgo. OBJETIVO: Determinar la magnitud del consumo de AUP en la transición del estado nutricional del sobrepeso a la obesidad. MÉTODOS: Este estudio observacional se realizó con datos de 15.024 adultos de 18 a 59 años (Mujeres: 56%), del proyecto Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL) de 2019. Se determinó utilizando el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Los valores de IMC entre 25 y 29,99 kg/m2 fueran clasificados con sobrepeso (n = 9618), y cuando ≥ 30 kg/m2, con obesidad (n = 5406). El consumo de AUP se consideró bajo (<9 unidades/día) o alto (≥10 unidades/día). Factores de riesgo: edad, sexo, educación, consumo <9 alimentos mínimamente procesados ​​(AMP), inactividad física (≤150 min / semana de intensidad moderada a vigorosa), horas de pantalla por día, consumo de alcohol (sí/no), tabaco semanal (número de cigarrillos/semana), la presión arterial alta (sistólica>120 mm/Hg y/o diastólica>80 mm/Hg) y la hiperglucemia (≥126 mg/dL) se introdujeron en el modelo de regresión logística binaria para el cálculo de las razones de probabilidad (Odds Ratio [OR]). RESULTADOS: El consumo de ≥10 AUP aumentó en un 37% la probabilidad de aparición de obesidad, independientemente de los otros factores de riesgo: inactividad física (OR=+26,1%), tiempo de pantalla (OR=+6,5%), consumo de ≥10 PAM (OR= -59%), ausencia de hipertensión arterial (OR= -52,6%), hiperglucemia (OR= -29,6%) y estudios superiores (OR= -2,1%). CONCLUSIÓN: Ahora se conoce el tamaño del éxito en las estrategias de intervención para la prevención de la obesidad. La intervención efectiva involucra principalmente factores como la reducción del consumo de AUP y consumo del AMP, con magnitudes de impacto del 37% y 59%, respectivamente. INTRODUÇÃO: O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP) aumenta o risco para o desenvolvimento da obesidade, contudo, ainda não foi quantificado tamanho e impacto desse risco.  OBJETIVO: Determinar a magnitude do consumo de AUP na transição do estado nutricional de sobrepeso para a obesidade. MÉTODOS: Este estudo observacional foi conduzido a partir de dados de 15.024 adultos dos 18 aos 59 anos (Mulheres: 56%), do projeto Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL) de 2019. O estado nutricional foi determinado mediante o índice de massa corporal (IMC). Valores de IMC entre 25 e 29.99 kg/m2 classificaram sobrepeso (n=9618) e quando ≥30kg/m2, era considerada a obesidade (n=5406). O consumo de AUP foi considerado baixo (<9 unidades/dia) ou elevado (≥10 unidades/dia). Os fatores de risco: idade, sexo, escolaridade, consumo <9 alimentos minimamente processados (AMP), inatividade física (≤150 min/semana de intensidade moderada a vigorosa), horas de tela por dia, consumo de álcool (sim/não), consumo semanal de tabaco (nº de cigarros/semana), pressão arterial elevada (sistólica >120mm/Hg e/ou diastólica >80mm/Hg) e hiperglicemia (≥126mg/dL) foram introduzidos no modelo de regressão logística binária para o cálculo das razões de chance (Odds Ratio [OR]). RESULTADOS: O consumo de ≥10 AUP aumentou em 37% a probabilidade de ocorrência de obesidade, independentemente dos demais fatores de risco: inatividade física (OR=+26,1%), tempo de tela (OR=+6,5%), consumo de ≥10 AMP (OR=-59%), ausência de níveis pressóricos elevados (OR=-52,6%), de hiperglicemia (OR=-29,6%) e maior escolaridade (OR=-2,1%). CONCLUSÃO: O tamanho do sucesso nas estratégias interventivas para a prevenção da obesidade agora é conhecido A intervenção efetiva envolve prioritariamente fatores como redução do consumo de AUP e aumento do consumo de AMP, com magnitude do impacto de 37% e 59%, respectivamente