Início e termino da irrigação por inundação do solo para o arroz, cultivar Bluebelle

To study the effect of beginning and ending times of irrigation on paddy rice yield, an experiment was carried out in a Pelotas soil (Planosol) during three crop seasons, in the experimental field of EMBRAPA-UEPAE Pelotas Station. Twelve treatments of three irrigation starting time combinations (14, 28 and 42 days after seedling emergence) and four irrigation ending times (70, 84, 98 and 112 days after seedling emergence) were carried out. The cultivar used was Bluebelle. There was no interaction among starting and ending of irrigation times; the treatment effects on rice yields did not vary along the three crop seasons. The delay of irrigation starting from 14 to 28 days after seedling emergence did not affect grain yield. However, when it was postponed to 42 days after seedling emergence, there was a harmful effect in yield. On the other hand, yield was not affected by the ending of irrigation times, when water supply to the crop was suspended 70 days after seedling emergence (ten days before flowering onset). Regarding mill yield, it was found out that it decreased slightly as irrigation starting was delayed, but increased as irrigation ending was hastened.  Para estudar o efeito de épocas de inicio e término da irrigação por inundação do solo sobre a produtividade do arroz, foi conduzido um experimento de campo em solo Pelotas (Planossolo) durante três anos. O experimento constou de doze tratamentos resultantes da combinação de três épocas de início da irrigação (14, 28 e 42 dias após a emergência das plântulas) e quatro épocas de término de irrigação (70, 84, 98 e 112 dias após a emergência das plântulas). A cultivar utilizada foi a Bluebelle. Não houve interação entre as épocas de início e término da irrigação, e os efeitos dos tratamentos sobre o rendimento da cultura não variaram durante a condução do experimento. O retardamento do inicio da irrigação de 14 para 28 dias após a emergência não exerceu efeito negativo sobre o rendimento de grãos. Todavia, quando esse retardamento foi prorrogado até 42 dias, os efeitos sobre o rendimento de grãos foram nocivos. O rendimento de grãos não foi afetado pela época de término da irrigação, mesmo quando a aplicação de água à lavoura foi suspensa aos 70 dias após a emergência das plântulas

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão tratadas com zinco

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of zinc concentration applied to the seed treatment on the physiological quality of bean seeds and leaf content of the micronutrients iron, copper, zinc and manganese of BRS Expedito. The experiment was carried out with common bean seeds obtained from 2014/2015 growing season. The treatments using the following concentrations of zinc were applied via seed treatment with concentrations of 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 g Zn 100 kg-1 of seed. Emergence assessments of emergence speed index, cold test, length of shoot and roots, dry weight of shoots and roots of seedlings and each micro-nutrient contents: Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn were conducted. The results of the variables emergence, emergence speed index and cold test showed no significant effects of increased Zn concentrations in seed treatment. However, in the analysis of seedling growth, Zn promoted an increase in hair and root length and dry matter produced by both shoot and root. The Zn content in leaf tissue increased manganese according to the increase of the Zn concentration in seed treatment. Seed treatment with Zn promotes increased growth and leaf content of this element to BRS Expedito.O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de doses de zinco aplicado em tratamento de sementes sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão e o teor foliar de micronutrientes. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na safra agrícola 2014/2015, no laboratório didático de análise de sementes, no laboratório de fertilidade e em área experimental, da Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Para a realização do experimento foi utilizado sementes de feijão cultivar BRS Expedito. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelas seguintes doses aplicados via sementes com produto a base de Zn, nas doses de 0 (0g Zn), 100 (12,0 g Zn), 200 (24,0g Zn), 300 (36,00g Zn), e 400 (48,00g Zn) mL P.C.100kg-1 de sementes. Foram realizadas avaliações na emergência, índice de velocidade de emergência, teste de frio, comprimento de parte aérea e radicular, massa seca de parte aérea e radicular de plântulas e determinação dos teores de micronutrientes. O tratamento de sementes com zinco promove aumento na expressão da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão e também aumento no teor foliar do micronutriente

Rice husk ash as corrective of soil acidity

Rice husk ash (RHA) is a by-product from the burning of rice husk that can have favorable effects on the soil in terms of acidity correction. The objectives of this study were to determine the effective calcium carbonate equivalent (ECC) of RHA under field conditions, and establish technical criteria as a basis for estimating the overall ECC of RHA. The 12 treatments of the experiment consisted of 10 RHA dosages (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 140 Mg ha-1) and two references, one of which was an absolute control (AC) and the other a plot limed and fertilized according to official recommendations (recommended fertilization - RF). The soil was sampled twice (15 and 210 days after incorporating RHA), in the layers 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m, to determine the pH(H2O) and base saturation (V%). The ECC and neutralizing value (NV) of RHA were also determined. The results showed that RHA neutralizes soil acidity, in a faster reaction than conventional limestone, despite a low ECC (around 3 %)

Residual effect of potassium fertilization with ryegrass on subsequent rice under no-tillage

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito residual da adubação potássica do azevém sobre o arroz subseqüente, em sistema de semeadura direta, foi desenvolvido um experimento de campo, no período de maio de 1996 a abril de 1997, no Centro Agropecuário da Palma-UFPel, localizado no município do Capão do Leão (RS). Foi utilizado um Planossolo pertencente à unidade de mapeamento Pelotas. Os tratamentos constituíram-se por três níveis de K aplicados no azevém, equivalentes a 0, 0,5 e 1 vez a dose recomendada de 70 kg ha-1 de K2O, sobre cada um dos quais foram aplicados quatro níveis de K no arroz, cultivado após o azevém, equivalentes a 0, 0,5, 1 e 1,5 vez a dose recomendada de 60 kg ha-1 de K2O, resultando num fatorial completo com 12 tratamentos. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que: (a) o K disponível após as culturas não aumentou neste solo com a adubação potássica nas doses recomendadas; (b) o efeito residual da adubação potássica do azevém para a cultura seguinte, neste solo, equivaleu a pelo menos 56 % do potássio aplicado, contido na parte aérea do azevém.To evaluate residual effects of potassium fertilization throught ryegrass on subsequent rice, under no-tillage system, a field experiment was performed from May 1996 to April 1997 in the Agricultural Center (Centro Agropecuário) of Palma/UFPel, in the county of Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The examined soil was a Planossolo (Albaqualf) belonging to the Pelotas mapping unit. Treatments consisted of three K levels applied on the ryegrass (0, 0.5 and 1 time the recommended dose of 70 kg ha-1 K2O) and four K levels on the rice grown after the ryegrass (equivalents to 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 times the recommended dose of 60 kg ha-1 K2O), resulting in complete factorial of twelve treatments. The design used was a randomized block with three replicates. The results indicated that: (a) the available K after the cultures does not increase in this soil with potassium fertilization in the recommended dosages; (b) the ryegrass potassium fertilization residual effect to the following culture, in this soil, is equivalent, at least, to 56 % of the applied potassium contained in the aerial part of ryegrass

Reaction rate and residual effect of rice husk ash in soil acidity parameters

ABSTRACT The rice husk ash has been applied in agricultural land, with potential of replace limestone and, supply phosphorus and potassium. However, its residual effect in soil is still unknown. This investigation aimed to evaluate the reaction rate and residual effect of rice husk ash in soils acidity parameters. A field experiment was conducted with five treatments: four rice husk ash dosages 0, 30, 60 and 120 t ha-1 and one treatment with recommended soil lime and fertilizer (dolomitic limestone to reach pH 6, 150 kg ha-1 P2O5 as single superphosphate and 80 kg ha-1 K2O as potassium chloride) where five soil samples. Soil samples were collected in the layers 0.00 - 0.10 m and 0.10 - 0.20 m at 15, 211, 400, 517 and 804 days after ash incorporation. Chemical attributes were determined: soil pH (pH), soil base, exchangeable cation values (Ca, Mg, K and Na) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) at pH 7. Results showed that reaction rate of rice husk ash is faster when compared to liming. As greater was rice husk ash dosage applied in soil, higher is the residual effect in pH. As corrective of soil acidity, the residual effect of rice husk ash is just the required time to occur the natural process of reacidification and leaching of basic cations, about 33 months for soils and weather conditions similar to this work

Caracterização de lavouras de morango quanto aos atributos químicos do solo com o uso da análise de componentes principais

One of the largest strawberry-producing municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) is Turuçu, in the South of the State. The strawberry production system adopted by farmers is similar to that used in other regions in Brazil and in the world. The main difference is related to the soil management, which can change the soil chemical properties during the strawberry cycle. This study had the objective of assessing the spatial and temporal distribution of soil fertility parameters using principal component analysis (PCA). Soil sampling was based on topography, dividing the field in three thirds: upper, middle and lower. From each of these thirds, five soil samples were randomly collected in the 0-0.20 m layer, to form a composite sample for each third. Four samples were taken during the strawberry cycle and the following properties were determined: soil organic matter (OM), soil total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), soil pH (pH), cation exchange capacity (CEC) at pH 7.0, soil base (V%) and soil aluminum saturation(m%). No spatial variation was observed for any of the studied soil fertility parameters in the strawberry fields and temporal variation was only detected for available K. Phosphorus and K contents were always high or very high from the beginning of the strawberry cycle, while pH values ranged from very low to very high. Principal component analysis allowed the clustering of all strawberry fields based on variables related to soil acidity and organic matter content.Um dos locais que mais se produz morango no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul é o município de Turuçu. O sistema de produção de morango adotado pelos produtores desse município é similar aos sistemas adotados em outras regiões do Brasil e no mundo; entretanto, a principal diferença se encontra no manejo do solo utilizado, que pode alterar os seus atributos químicos durante o ciclo do morango. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição temporal e a espacial dos parâmetros de fertilidade do solo, usando a análise de componentes principais (PCA). Foram selecionadas 14 lavouras onde a amostragem de solo em cada uma foi com base na sua topografia, dividindo a área em três terços: superior, mediano e inferior. Em cada um desses terços, coletaram-se, de forma aleatória, cinco amostras simples de solo na camada de 0-0,20 m, formando uma amostra composta em cada terço. Foram realizadas quatro amostragens ao longo do ciclo da cultura do morango e determinados os seguintes atributos químicos: matéria orgânica (MO), nitrogênio total (N), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), capacidade de troca de cátions (CTC) a pH 7,0, pH em água (pH), saturação por bases (V%) e saturação por alumínio (m%). Os resultados evidenciaram que nenhum dos parâmetros de fertilidade do solo estudados apresentou variação espacial dentro das lavouras e apenas o K apresentou variação temporal. Os teores de P e de K estiveram sempre altos ou muito altos desde o início do ciclo da cultura do morango, enquanto o pH variou de muito baixo até muito alto. A análise de componentes principais permitiu o agrupamento das lavouras de morango com base nas variáveis relacionadas à acidez do solo e matéria orgânica

Characterization of soil chemical properties of strawberry fields using principal component analysis

One of the largest strawberry-producing municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) is Turuçu, in the South of the State. The strawberry production system adopted by farmers is similar to that used in other regions in Brazil and in the world. The main difference is related to the soil management, which can change the soil chemical properties during the strawberry cycle. This study had the objective of assessing the spatial and temporal distribution of soil fertility parameters using principal component analysis (PCA). Soil sampling was based on topography, dividing the field in three thirds: upper, middle and lower. From each of these thirds, five soil samples were randomly collected in the 0-0.20 m layer, to form a composite sample for each third. Four samples were taken during the strawberry cycle and the following properties were determined: soil organic matter (OM), soil total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), soil pH (pH), cation exchange capacity (CEC) at pH 7.0, soil base (V%) and soil aluminum saturation(m%). No spatial variation was observed for any of the studied soil fertility parameters in the strawberry fields and temporal variation was only detected for available K. Phosphorus and K contents were always high or very high from the beginning of the strawberry cycle, while pH values ranged from very low to very high. Principal component analysis allowed the clustering of all strawberry fields based on variables related to soil acidity and organic matter content