Filogenetska analiza izolata pasjeg parvovirusa izdvojenih u Mathuri u Indiji.

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an important pathogen causing acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in dogs and myocarditis in pups. The present study deals with an analysis of partial nucleotide sequences of the VP1/VP2 gene of CPV isolates from Mathura, India to establish their phylogenetic relationship with other CPV isolates. Out of 100 samples from dogs showing the clinical signs of gastroenteritis viz., vomiting, diarrhea and dysentery, 63 were found positive for CPV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the 63 positive samples, eight samples were processed further for nucleotide sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the CPV variants were not only closely related among themselves but also showed minimum divergence from their ancestors, such as MEV, indicating very little divergence since their origin. From the study, it may be concluded that canine parvovirus-2 variants may represent a potential threat to canine populations. Thus more efforts is required to increase epidemiological monitoring and surveillance, along with the measures necessary to control this disease in the canine population, and to assess the efficacy of the current vaccines.Pasji parvovirus važan je uzročnik hemoragijskog gastroenteritisa u odraslih pasa i miokarditisa u štenadi. U ovom su istraživanju djelomično analizirane nukleotidne sekvencije gena VP1/VP2 izolata pasjeg parvovirusa iz Mathure u Indiji sa svrhom da se njihova filogenetska svojstva usporede s drugim izolatima toga virusa. Od 100 uzoraka izdvojenih iz pasa s gastroenteritisom odnosno s povraćanjem i proljevom, 63 su bila pozitivna na pasji parvovirus 2 upotrebom lančane reakcije polimerazom. Od toga je osam uzoraka uzeto za određivanje njihova nukleotidnog slijeda. Filogenetska analiza je pokazala da varijante pasjeg parvovirusa nisu bile samo međusobno usko srodne, već su s neznatnim skretanjem bile srodne i sa svojim predcima, kao što je virus enteritisa američke vidrice, što upućuje na njihove neznatne razlike od njihova nastanka. Može se zaključiti da varijante pasjeg parvovirusa 2 predstavljaju moguću prijetnju za populaciju pasa. Potrebno je uložiti više napora u smjeru epizootioloških istraživanja i donošenja mjera nadzora te kontrole ove zarazne bolesti zajedno s naporima za procjenu učinkovitosti postojećih cjepiva

Locally Adaptive Block Thresholding Method with Continuity Constraint

We present an algorithm that enables one to perform locally adaptive block thresholding, while maintaining image continuity. Images are divided into sub-images based some standard image attributes and thresholding technique is employed over the sub-images. The present algorithm makes use of the thresholds of neighboring sub-images to calculate a range of values. The image continuity is taken care by choosing the threshold of the sub-image under consideration to lie within the above range. After examining the average range values for various sub-image sizes of a variety of images, it was found that the range of acceptable threshold values is substantially high, justifying our assumption of exploiting the freedom of range for bringing out local details.Comment: 12 Pages, 4 figures, 1 Tabl

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