Competence-based learning and societal awareness: Building up experiences within the discipline of interior architecture

By means of the bachelor proof, students of interior architecture of the University of Antwerp (Faculty of Design Sciences) are stimulated to design interiors for real-life public libraries in view of particular societal challenges. During three subsequent years the teaching staff elaborated a set of learning objectives and activities that jointly form a competence-based learning process focussed on the development of the societal awareness of design students. In this paper we report on the intermediate experiences of the teachning staff and the students as indicated by a set of mainly qualitative data. In short it concerns four lessons learned relating to the over- and underestimation of (i) disciplinary filters, (ii) comfort-zones, (iii) motivating complexities and (iv) copy-cat behavior.[EN]http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/index.php/HEAD/HEAD18Vallet, N.; Somers, I.; Corthaut, M. (2018). Competence-based learning and societal awareness: Building up experiences within the discipline of interior architecture. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 451-459. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD18.2018.8012OCS45145

Central venous O2 saturation and venous-to-arterial CO2 difference as complementary tools for goal-directed therapy during high-risk surgery

International audienceIntroduction: Central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO 2) is a useful therapeutic target in septic shock and high-risk surgery. We tested the hypothesis that central venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference (P(cv-a)CO 2), a global index of tissue perfusion, could be used as a complementary tool to ScvO 2 for goal-directed fluid therapy (GDT) to identify persistent low flow after optimization of preload has been achieved by fluid loading during high-risk surgery. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of results obtained in a study involving 70 adult patients (ASA I to III), undergoing major abdominal surgery, and treated with an individualized goal-directed fluid replacement therapy. All patients were managed to maintain a respiratory variation in peak aortic flow velocity below 13%. Cardiac index (CI), oxygen delivery index (DO 2 i), ScvO 2 , P(cv-a)CO 2 and postoperative complications were recorded blindly for all patients. Results: A total of 34% of patients developed postoperative complications. At baseline, there was no difference in demographic or haemodynamic variables between patients who developed complications and those who did not. In patients with complications, during surgery, both mean ScvO 2 (78 ± 4 versus 81 ± 4%, P = 0.017) and minimal ScvO 2 (minScvO 2) (67 ± 6 versus 72 ± 6%, P = 0.0017) were lower than in patients without complications, despite perfusion of similar volumes of fluids and comparable CI and DO 2 i values. The optimal ScvO 2 cutoff value was 70.6% and minScvO 2 < 70% was independently associated with the development of postoperative complications (OR = 4.2 (95% CI: 1.1 to 14.4), P = 0.025). P(cv-a)CO 2 was larger in patients with complications (7.8 ± 2 versus 5.6 ± 2 mmHg, P < 10-6). In patients with complications and ScvO 2 ≥71%, P(cv-a)CO 2 was also significantly larger (7.7 ± 2 versus 5.5 ± 2 mmHg, P < 10-6) than in patients without complications. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.785 (95% CI: 0.74 to 0.83) for discrimination of patients with ScvO 2 ≥71% who did and did not develop complications, with 5 mmHg as the most predictive threshold value

Simulation des mobilités pelviennes : optimisation topologique du système ligamentaire

Le prolapsus génital féminin est un phénomène encore mal compris avec un taux d'échec des techniques chirurgicales élevé (de 10 à 40%). Nous proposons un modèle 3D de la cavité pelvienne construit à partir d'images IRM d'une patiente saine. Les résultats numériques sont comparés avec des analyses de champs de déplacements issus d images IRM dynamiques de la même patiente en effort de poussée. L'introduction progressive des ligaments et des conditions aux limites tout en quantifiant l'écart à la réalité nous mène vers un modèle cohérent permettant une étude de sensibilité

L'imaginaire urbain dans les régions ouvrières en reconversion: Le bassin stéphanois et le bassin minier du Nord Pas de Calais

Cette recherche est une recherche sociologique et anthropologique coordonnée par Michel Rautenberg rassemblant le Centre Max Weber de Saint-Étienne, le Centre Lillois d'études et de recherches sociologiques et économiques (sous la responsabilité du professeur Licia Valladarès) et l' Université de Sofia (sous la responsabilité du professeur Ivaylo Ditchev). Démarrée en décembre 2007 elle s'est terminée en avril 2011 et a bénéficié d'une aide de l'ANR de 180 k€ pour un montant global de 250 k€ de subventions publiques (non comprise une allocation de recherche).The general hypothesis at the origin of this research is that urban transformations do not go without social representations and the field of the imagination. It is essential for each image, word or story to be related to concrete situations that the researcher can describe. The choice of cities is thus not negligible. In this research programme, it has focussed on cities which have a had a difficult economic history characterised by brutal de-industrialization - more in people's minds than by its suddenness. This has left a traumatic effect on individual and collective memories, an urban landscape of industrial wasteland and 3 decades later it continues to strongly influence urban renovation policies. The first issue of this research, which in its second phase was extended to include Bulgarian cities thanks to the support of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, was to establish a method making it possible to describe this imagination. So researchers agreed to work on imagination "operators", that is to say means (administrative, artistic or social) used by socially identified actors : artists, associations, inhabitants, former miners, municipal authorities. The second issue was to favour the imagination of cites which cannot be measured against communication strategies but which considers the "popular" social imagination which is sufficiently autonomous to exist outside municipal institutions - without asserting that it is completely independent. The third issue was to find common features in the comparison between situations close enough in their history to justify a pertinent comparison.L'hypothèse générale à l'origine de cette recherche est que les transformations urbaines ne font pas l'économie des représentations et des imaginaires sociaux. Il est donc nécessaire que chaque image, parole ou récit recueilli soit rapporté à des situations concrètes que le chercheur peut décrire. Le choix des villes n'est alors pas anodin. Dans ce programme de recherche, il s'est porté sur des villes qui ont eu une histoire économique difficile caractérisée par une désindustrialisation brutale -dans les esprits peut-être plus que par sa soudaineté. Celle ci a laissé des traumatismes dans les mémoires individuelles et collectives, un paysage urbain de friches industrielles, et continue après 3 décennies d'influencer fortement sur les politiques de rénovation urbaine

An integrated analysis of surface velocities induced by rainfall in the Séchilienne landslide (Western Alps, France)

International audienceAn integrated analysis on the relationship between rainfall and displacement in the most active area of the Séchilienne unstable slope was performed. This study combines several techniques and models to adequately reproduce the landslide movement induced by the rainfall. The analysis of available time series shows a long term trend and seasonal variations in the displacement, respectively independent and synchronous to precipitations. In particular wavelet analysis highlights that the movement is rather linked to groundwater recharge than to precipitation (rainfall + snowfall), involving then the importance of groundwater process in the area. A first and simple relationship between the water input and the fluctuations of displacements apart from the general trend is shown using a tank model. Moreover, a seasonal analysis of this relationship was performed, showing that displacement rate follows the behavior of the hydrological cycle. Two different models were applied to the long temporal series of extensometric and precipitation data: the FLAME model, from BRGM and the FORESEES model, from Univ. Lausanne. These tools are based on a combined statistical-mechanical approach to predict changes in landslide displacement rates from observed changes in precipitation amounts. The forecasting tool FLAME associates 1) a statistical impulse response (IR) model to simulate the changes in landslide rates by computing a transfer function between the rainfall and the displacements, and 2) a 1D mechanical (ME) model (e.g. visco-plastic rheology), in order to take into account changes in pore water pressures. The performance of different combinations of models was evaluated against observed displacement rates at the selected pilot study area. Our results indicate that both models are able to reproduce, with a high degree of accuracy, the observed displacement pattern in the general kinematic regime. Finally the variability of the results, depending in particular on the input data, is discussed

Laboratoire d’analyse secondaire et des méthodes appliquées à la sociologie – Institut du longitudinal

Michel Forsé, directeur de recherche au CNRS avec Yaël Brinbaum, Alain Degenne, Irène Fournier, Marie-Odile Lebeaux, Florence Maillochon, Marion Selz, Louis-André Vallet, chercheurs ou ingénieurs du CNRS au LASMAS-IdL Méthodes quantitatives en sociologie Conduit sous les auspices du LASMAS-IdL et partie prenante du DEA « Sociologie », cet enseignement répond à une demande grandissante de formation en méthodologie quantitative pour les sciences sociales. Il a pour objet de permettre à ceux qui..

Motivation as a Mediator of the Relation Between Cognitive Reserve and Cognitive Performance

Objectives: Interindividual differences in cognitive aging may be explained by differences in cognitive reserve (CR) that are built up across the life span. A plausible but underresearched mechanism for these differences is that CR helps compensating cognitive decline by enhancing motivation to cope with challenging cognitive situations. Theories of motivation on cognition suggest that perceived capacity and intrinsic motivation may be key mediators in this respect. Method: In 506 older adults, we assessed CR proxies (education, occupation, leisure activities), motivation (perceived capacity, intrinsic motivation), and a global measure of cognitive functioning. Results: Perceived capacity, but not intrinsic motivation, significantly mediated the relation between CR and cognitive performance. Discussion: Complementary with neurobiological and cognitive processes, our results suggest a more comprehensive view of the role of motivational aspects built up across the life span in determining differences in cognitive performance in old age.This publication benefited from the support of the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, which is financed by the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant number: 51NF40-160590).Peer reviewe

Approche archéologique et environnementale des premiers peuplements alpins autour du col du Petit-Saint-Bernard (Savoie, vallée d’Aoste) : un bilan d’étape

De 2003 à 2007, une étude archéologique et sédimentaire a été réalisée sur les versants du col du Petit-Saint-Bernard (2188 m, Alpes occidentales), par de grandes séries de sondages manuels effectués dans des contextes sélectionnés. Les avantages et les inconvénients de cette méthode sont exposés et discutés. Ce travail a permis d’identifier, interstratifiés dans les remplissages holocènes, des sols bruns fersiallitiques sur les versants et des sols hydromorphes en altitude. Les répartitions chronologique et altitudinale des découvertes archéologiques sont analysées, puis comparées à une compilation des connaissances préexistantes dans les vallées alpines du Beaufortin, de la Maurienne et de la Tarentaise. Les analyses paléo-environnementales et archéologiques en cours sont présentées.An archaeological and sedimentary study was realized on the hillsides of the Petit-Saint-Bernard pass (2188 m, western Alps), from 2003 to 2007. It consisted of great series of manual boreholes in selected contexts. The efficiency of this method is discussed. This work allowed identifying brown fersiallitics soils in hillsides and hyrdromorphic soils in the heights, interstratified in the Holocene fillings. The chronological and altitudinal distributions of the findings are analysed and compared to previous data from Beaufortin, Maurienne and Tarentaise. An additional project of palaeo-environmental and archaeological analyses is presented