National Report for the IAG of the IUGG 2019-2022

Major results of researches conducted by Russian geodesists in 2019-2022 on the topics of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) are presented in this issue. This report is prepared by the Section of Geodesy of the National Geophysical Committee of Russia. In the report prepared for the XXVII General Assembly of IUGG (Germany, Berlin, 11-20 July 2023), the results of principal researches in geodesy, geodynamics, gravimetry, in the studies of geodetic reference frame creation and development, Earth's shape and gravity field, Earth's rotation, geodetic theory, its application and some other directions are briefly described. For some objective reasons not all results obtained by Russian scientists on the field of geodesy are included in the report.Comment: Misprint in the title of the arXiv record has been corrected. The submission content is not affecte

Atomic Force Microscopy Study of Nano-Physiological Response of Ladybird Beetles to Photostimuli

Background: Insects are of interest not only as the most numerous and diverse group of animals but also as highly efficient bio-machines varying greatly in size. They are the main human competitors for crop, can transmit various diseases, etc. However, little study of insects with modern nanotechnology tools has been done. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we applied an atomic force microscopy (AFM) method to study stimulation of ladybird beetles with light. This method allows for measuring of the internal physiological responses of insects by recording surface oscillations in different parts of the insect at sub-nanometer amplitude level and sub-millisecond time. Specifically, we studied the sensitivity of ladybird beetles to light of different wavelengths. We demonstrated previously unknown blindness of ladybird beetles to emerald color (,500nm) light, while being able to see UV-blue and green light. Furthermore, we showed how one could study the speed of the beetle adaptation to repetitive flashing light and its relaxation back to the initial stage. Conclusions: The results show the potential of the method in studying insects. We see this research as a part of what might be a new emerging area of ‘‘nanophysiology’ ’ of insects

Disadvantages cartographic method of determining the coordinates as the causes of cadastral errors

Mismatch the description of land boundaries actual location of land boundaries that in practice becomes the cause of many land disputes. Оften the only solution to such disputes is to appeal to the court

Formation of Cu–Pt nanocontacts in STM breaking junction simulations: MD simulations and one-dimensional diffusion model

In this paper, we propose a new theoretical approach that combines classical MD method and a one-dimensional diffusion model. We have shown that our approach allows to extrapolate the results of MD simulations to the experimental timescale. As an example, the formation of Cu–Pt nanocontacts in the STM-BJ experiments was investigated. STM-BJ simulations with copper STM tips and Cu–Pt surface alloys were performed in a wide range of temperatures (300–900 K), number of Pt atoms in the substrate (1–7) and for different orientations ((100), (110) and (111)) of the STM tip. Using our approach, we predicted that it is possible to use the STM-BJ technique to prepare Cu–Pt nanocontacts. The presented approach should work well in all cases when the diffusion of atoms occurs via interlayer jumps

Two growth modes of nanostructures near Cu(111) step edges in CoCu and PtCu surface alloys

The formation of CoCu and PtCu alloys on the stepped Cu(111) substrate was simulated. Dendritic and finger-like protrusions grow near the edges of the steps. The shape and the internal structure of the protrusions depend on the type of the step edge, temperature and concentrations of impurity atoms. The internal structure and the shape of the protrusions are significantly different in PtCu and CoCu alloys. Pt atoms tend to be surrounded by Cu atoms and Co atoms tend to combine into Co backbones. The dendritic protrusions usually grow at 200 K and the finger-like protrusions usually grow at 300 K. The shape of the protrusions also depends on the type of the step edge and the concentration of impurity atoms. The main differences of PtCu and CoCu protrusions can be explained by the values of the diffusion barriers of the key processes