Mutagenesis: investigating the process and processing the outcome for crop improvement

The discoveries during the late 1920s that the genetic material is amenable to changes excited geneticists who saw new opportunities for both basic and practical applications. During the 1950s, induced mutagenesis was widely pursued in the US, Europe, Japan and China. In India, Swaminathan and his team at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi initiated a major programme on mutagenesis in crop plants. These studies were broadly aimed at understanding the process of mutation, testing the efficacy of various mutagens, identifying optimum dose and the best method of treatment for different crop species; isolation of mutants of basic and applied value; elucidating the biological effects of radiation-treated media, seeds and vegetative propagules on the organisms consuming them

Comparison among some well known control schemes with different tuning methods

AbstractThis paper presents a comparison between some well-known control schemes such as feedback, feedback plus feed-forward, cascade and cascade plus feed-forward for controlling a third-order process. The controller applied in various control schemes is a PID controller that has been tuned using Ziegler Nichols (ZN) and relay auto-tuning (RA) methods. The comparative analysis is based upon various performance measures such as rise time (tr), settling time (ts), maximum overshoot (Mp), steady-state error (ess), integral of absolute error (IAE), integral of square error (ISE), integral of time square error (ITSE), and integral of time absolute error (ITAE). Simulation results show that the RA method provides superior performance in case of feedback plus feed-forward and cascade control schemes. On the other hand, the ZN method proves to be better in case of cascade plus feed-forward control scheme

Building Vocabulary Using Digital Platforms

Here are activities for the enhancement and assessment of language skills

Z-track technique reduces pain at the injection site, drug leakage, post-injection gluteal inflammation in Pritchard regimen for severe pre-eclamptic patients: findings from a randomized controlled trial

Background: This study was conducted to compare the effect of Z track versus standard technique of intramuscular (IM) administration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on level of pain at the injection site, drug leakage, post-injection gluteal inflammation in Pritchard regimen.Methods: 60 antenatal patients with pre-eclampsia (PE) admitted in the labour room were randomized for IM administration of MgSO4 by Z track technique (received all injections by Z track method) and standard technique group (received all injections by standard method). The primary outcomes were level of pain assessed by numerical rating scale, drug leakage measured by sterilized blotting paper technique and gluteal inflammation assessed by transparent grid sheet.Results: The level of pain at the injection site and drug leakage after each injection significantly increased from the 1st injection (p<0.05) to the 8th injection in both groups. Z track group experienced significantly less pain (3rd and 5th injection, p<0.05), drug leakage (p<0.05) and inflammation (both buttocks, p<0.05) compared to the standard group.Conclusions: A significant decrease in drug leakage and gluteal inflammation was observed in the Z track group. Though there was no statistically significant difference in the level of pain in both groups, the pain experienced by the Z track group was comparatively less

Corporate entrepreneurship champions: mapping the past and present states of the field for future advancements

Purpose The purpose of this study is to critically examine and review the extant research on corporate entrepreneurship champions in the broader area of corporate entrepreneurship and to uncover the avenues for advancement of the scholarship with the purpose of engaging CE champions towards the upliftment of organisations in particular, and younger workforce in general. Design/methodology/approach In this study, authors employ bibliometric analysis through a review of 274 papers fetched from Web of Science and Scopus databases. Findings The authors set the agenda for future research and policy by elucidating research themes and potential research questions by bringing out twelve themes classified into five basic themes, three niche themes, three motor themes, and one key theme, while also providing the methodological inputs for carrying out this agenda. Originality/value This study adopts a unique lens of investigation in contextualising the role of self-efficacy, employee engagement, and career choice for the younger workforce

An Evaluation of Communication Protocol Languages for Engineering Multiagent Systems

Communication protocols are central to engineering decentralized multiagent systems. Modern protocol languages are typically formal and address aspects of decentralization, such as asynchrony. However, modern languages differ in important ways in their basic abstractions and operational assumptions. This diversity makes a comparative evaluation of protocol languages a challenging task. We contribute a rich evaluation of diverse and modern protocol languages. Among the selected languages, Scribble is based on session types; Trace-C and Trace-F on trace expressions; HAPN on hierarchical state machines, and BSPL on information causality. Our contribution is four-fold. One, we contribute important criteria for evaluating protocol languages. Two, for each criterion, we compare the languages on the basis of whether they are able to specify elementary protocols that go to the heart of the criterion. Three, for each language, we map our findings to a canonical architecture style for multiagent systems, highlighting where the languages depart from the architecture. Four, we identify design principles for protocol languages as guidance for future research