Regional Autonomy in Indonesia: Field Experiences and Emerging Challenges

After more than three decades under a centralized national government, Indonesia decided to implement a new policy of regional autonomy that became effective on january 1st, 2001. this paper examines both the preparations for and the initial implementation of autonomy in the regions, as well as some of the challenges which have emerged during implementation. the paper is based on research conducted in fourteen districts across eleven provinces over to the last two years. this presentation has two areas of focus: first, the internal processes used by local governments to manage their new powers and responsibilities; and second, the extent to which the process of creating public policies under regional autonomy for the regions reflects the spirit of transparency, good governance and democracy. law no. 22, 1999 on local government has devolved central government authorities to local governments in all government administrative sectors, except for security and defense, foreign policy, monetary and fiscal matters, justice, and religious affairs. consequently, local governments have had to reform their internal structures to accommodate the huge increase in responsibility that has been passed on from the central government. a significant part of this process includes placing a large number of central government employees under the regional governments and increasing their financial capacity to implement regional autonomy. the absence of a detailed plan for the transition process and the lack of supporting regulations to clarify the procedures which need to be undertaken, have hampered this sweeping devolution of authorities. the change in government administration must also deal with a lack of initiative and support from government employees for the policy. many of the government employees who are now implementing regional autonomy are accustomed to being the implementers of centralized government policies. in addition, the previous government was characterized by its practices of corruption, collusion, and nepotism. the main objectives of regional autonomy are to promote better delivery of government services and to raise the level of local government accountability. therefore, the focus of this discussion covers both the impact of regional autonomy on local governments, as well as the impact of this policy on the performance of local governments in delivering services. assuming that local governments are more familiar with the needs of their communities than the central government, we expect local governments to be able to create more suitable public policies. ultimately, regional autonomy is not simply a matter of regulating the relationships between the various level of government. rather, it is about regulating the relationship between the government and the people. however, this is still difficult to achieve in the regions, because almost all local interest groups, including political parties, remain weak and poorly organized, because they have been almost completely left out of the political decision-making process over the last three decades. without strong civil society institutions, it will be difficult to achieve practices of good governance

Pendekatan Restorative Justice Dalam Penyelesaian Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Dalam rumah Tangga Perspektif Kemanfaatan Hukum

The purpose of this research is 1. To identify and analyze the regulation of restorative justice in the process of resolving domestic violence crimes. 2. To examine the application of restorative justice in resolving domestic violence crimes from the perspective of utilitarianism. The formulation of the problem in this research are 1. How is the regulation of restorative justice in the process of resolving domestic violence crimes 2. How is the application of restorative justice in resolving domestic violence crimes from the perspective utilitarianism The research method used is normative juridical research with a conceptual approach, legislation approach, and historical approach. The results of this research indicate that the regulation of the concept of restorative justice in Indonesia is related to its legal framework, as almost all criminal cases handled by the Indonesian criminal justice system end up in imprisonment. Resolving cases using restorative justice is in line with the theory of the utility of law and runs counter to retribution, namely criminal sanctions. The law should be measured based on the good or bad consequences resulting from its application. Abstrak Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah 1. Untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaturan  restorative justice dalam proses penyelesaian tindak pidana kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. 2. Untuk mengetahui penerapan restorative justice dalam penyelesaian tindak pidana kekerasan dalam rumah tangga dalam perspektif kemanfaatan hukum. Rumusan Masalah yang terdapat dalam penelitian ini yaitu 1. Bagaimanakah pengaturan restorative justice dalam proses penyelesaian tindak pidana kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. 2. Bagaimanakah penerapan restorative justice dalam penyelesaian tindak pidana kekerasan dalam rumah tangga dalam perspektif kemanfaatan hukum. Metode Peneltian yang digunakan adalah penelitian Yuridis Normatif dengan pendekatan Konseptual, Pendekatan Perundang-Undangan, Pendekatan Sejarah. Hasil Penelitian ini didapat adalah: Pengaturan konsep restorative justice di Indonesia dikaitkan dengan pengaturan hukumnya didasari dengan hampir seluruh tindak pidana yang ditangani oleh sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia selalu berakhir di penjara. Penyelesaian dengan restorative justice sejalan dengan teori kemanfaatan hukum dan bertolak belakang dengan suatu pembalasan yakni sebuah sanksi pidana yakni hukum harus diukur dari baik buruknya akibat yang dihasilkan oleh penerapan hukum itu

Design considerations of MIMO antennas for mobile phones

YesThe paper presents a new modeling and design concept of antennas using polar- ization diversity of 2 £ 2 and 3 £ 3 Multiple Input Multiple Outputs (MIMO) system that is proposed for future mobile handsets. The channel capacity is investigated and discussed over Raleigh fading channel and compared to a linear/planner antenna array MIMO channel. The capacity is also discussed over three types of power azimuth spectrums. The results are compared to the constraints capacity limits in which the maximum capacity observed

Characteristics of the surface soil ecosystem: Linkage to understanding soil dynamic functions

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Kedudukan Hukum Anak Angkat Terhadap Hak Waris

Penulisan skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kedudukan hukum anak angkat terhadap hak waris dalam Staatsblad No. 129 Tahun 1917 dan bagaimana kedudukan hukum anak angkat terhadap hak waris dalam hukum Islam. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dapat disimpulkan, bahwa: 1. Staatsblad 1917 No. 129, adanya pengangkatan anak mengakibatkan perpindahannya keluarga dari orang tua kandungnya kepada orang tua yang mengangkatnya. Status anak tersebut seolah-olah dilahirkan dari perkawinan orang tua angkat. Jadi status anak angkat itu sama dengan anak sah dan di dalam hukum waris ia disebut juga sebagai ahli waris terhadap kedua orang tua angkatnya tersebut dengan pembatasan anak angkat tersebut hanya menjadi ahli waris dari bagian yang tidak diwasiatkan. Hak Waris, menurut Staatsblad, anak angkat memiliki hak waris sebagimana hak waris yang dimilki oleh anak kandung. 2. Kompilasi Hukum Islam anak angkat tidak menjadi ahli waris dari orang tua angkatnya, hanya memperoleh wasiat. Dalam hal kewarisan anak angkat dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam adalah tidak melepas nasab (kerabat) dari orang tua kandungnya, maka anak angkat tidak mewaris dari orang tua angkatnya dan sebaliknya, tetapi anak angkat mendapatkan wasiat wajibah yaitu wasiat yang pelaksanaannya tidak dipengaruhi atau tidak bergantung kepada kemauan atau kehendak si yang meninggal dunia. Besarnya tidak boleh lebih dari 1/3 bagian dari harta warisan orang tua angkatnya sesuai dengan Pasal 209 ayat (2) Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI)

Metodologi Khutbah dan Retorika Dakwah

Metodologi Khutbah dan Retorika Dakwa