THE QUALITY IMPORTANCE IN A PROJECT MANAGEMENT COMPLEXITY ENVIRONMENT

A project is a temporary endeaver undertaken to creat a unique product, service or result. The temporary nature of project indicates a definite beginning and end. The end is reached when the project’s objectives have been achieved or when the project is terminated becouse its objectives will not or cannot be met, when the need for the project no longer exist. Temporary does not necessarily mean short in duration. Temporary does not generally apply to the product, service, or result created by project; most projects are undertaken to create a lasting outcome. For example, a project build a national monument will create a result expected to last centuries. Projects can also have social, economic, and environmental impacts that far outlast the projects themselves.

Methodologies used in Project Management

Undoubtedly, a methodology properly defined and strictly followed for project management provides a firm guarantee that the work will be done on time, in budget and according to specifications. A project management methodology in simple terms is a “must-have” to avoid failure and reduce risks, because is one of the critical success factors, such basic skills of the management team. This is the simple way to guide the team through the design and execution phases, processes and tasks throughout the life cycle of project management. Project management methodology is a strictly defined combination on practices regarding logic, methods and processes that determine how best to plan, develop and control a project along the continuous process of its implementation and successful completion. In project management there are various approaches and methods that can be used in different types of project management. All types of project methodologies can be divided into traditional and modern approaches.

DESIGN FOR SUSTAINABILITY: PRODUCT LIFE-CYCLE ANALYSIS IN ALUMINUM AUTO BODY APPLICATIONS

The scope of this work is to generate quantifiable measures of sustainability elements that apply to manufactured products in terms of environmental, social and economic benefits. This thesis presents a comprehensive analysis for developing a methodology to compare the costs encountered by a vehicle over its entire life-cycle (Pre-manufacturing, Manufacturing, Use, and Post-use stages), considering two different material scenarios, aluminum versus steel, used in body-in-white (BIW) structures and exterior body panels. The potential benefits of using lighter materials in auto body applications are further evaluated through a Sustainability Scoring method. The proposed six major integral sustainable elements considered in this work are: products environmental impact, societal impact, functionality, resource utilization and economy, manufacturability and recyclability/remanufacturability. Each of these elements has corresponding sub-elements and influencing factors which are categorized as having equal importance to the product

The route of joint of the transnational corporations and globalization

    Today’s discussions on globalization are more alive and controversial. As is acknowledged as a fact, globalization is studied not only as an economic category but as a process, system, phenomenon. Currently, on international level, a variety of companies operate. From all of these, the transnational corporation represent particular interest, being designated as an "entity-key of global economic activity, a creative net worth to devote a large proportion of global resources needed to sustain economic growth processes. The new trend in the TNC’s sites emphasize, efforts to promote corporate social responsibility that contributes to change the attitude of many corporations and individuals working for them. Company efforts are visible in contributions to community development and environmental impact. Corporations want to impose their own standards of development, which reflects some positive attitude towards regulations that support behavioral codes, which they argue. Globalization has opened the way for limited progress, offered alternatives to local development, has generated deep changes, n dimensional complex with sometimes unpre-dictable consequences on economic and socio-institutional development.

Steel Structure Apartment Extensions for Existing Large Prefabricated Panel Collective Dwellings

AbstractThe Romanian existing building stock of collective dwellings is in a vast majority composed of reinforced concrete large prefabricated panel blocks of flats, erected during Communism. According to the 1992 Census, these standardized and widespread buildings housed almost 60 percent of the urban population of the country.Due to the small, inflexible apartments on one hand and the changing living conditions of the contemporary Romanian society on the other, a need for extending the inner surface of the existing flats has been identified. This situation led to the adoption of technically restrictive ground-floor spatial additions and other vernacular solutions that are being applied to upper stories, some of them not being able to provide, in many cases, any forms of long term structural guarantee to their users.The present paper describes a prefabricated steel structure solution for cantilevered apartment extensions that can be independently attached to the façade, as well as some technical connecting details to the existing building. A global structural analysis performed on a virtual model depicting a widespread type of block of flats (Model 770) proves the non-intrusive influence the cantilevered apartment extensions have over the existing buildings, in multiple different scenarios of attachments. Moreover, a FEM analysis of the proposed details further shows the reliability of the examined solution

Endoscopic Ultrasound Elastography: New Advancement in Pancreatic Diseases

Elastography opened up new frontiers for pancreatic disease, as it may aid in tumor mass differentiation. Ultrasound strain elastography and ultrasound shear-wave elastography have been used so far by transabdominal transducers. New technological advancements have embedded elastography techniques in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), thus enabling a better evaluation of patients with pancreatic tumors, chronic pancreatitis, autoimmune pancreatitis, gastrointestinal subepithelial lesions, and lymph node involvement. Moreover, EUS-E might help in guiding EUS-Fine Needle Aspiration or EUS-Fine Needle Biopsy when addressing solid pancreatic tumors, for proper tissue harvesting. Furthermore, artificial intelligence methods may bypass the human factor and lead to better diagnostic results

The main features of the German corporate governance system. Case study: Bayer AG

Each country has developed, according to the needs and specificity of the environment where the companies operate their businesses, its own corporate governance system. At global level, there are two main models of corporate governance taken into account: the shareholder system (United Kingdom, USA); the stakeholder system (Japan, most Latin and Continental European countries). The German company Bayer AG has adopted the stakeholder model to form its corporate governance system and, therefore, does not limit itself to the protection of stakeholders, as in the case of the English-American area A specific feature of the German corporate law is the separation between the Management Board ("Vorstand") and the Supervisory Board ("Aufsichtsrat"). This two-tier management system is also adopted by Bayer AG. It is rigorously forbidden to the members of one board to be, also, members of the other board. The German Supervisory Boards are unique due to the German law of co-determination, according to which it is mandatory for these boards to be composed by an equal number of representatives of stakeholders and employees. The role of Bayer AG Supervisory Board (formed by 20 members) is to monitor and guide the Management Board. In order to increase its efficiency in task fulfillment, Bayer AG Supervisory Board set up five committees – the Presidial Committee, the Audit Committee, the Human Resources Committee, the Nominations Committee and the Innovation Committee. The Supervisory Board operate in compliance with the German Stock Corporation Act and the German Corporate Governance Code. In average, the Supervisory Board has about 13 members and 2,3 committees. In the case of Bayer AG company, the Management Board is composed only by intern directors, having the role of company management and representation, while the Supervisory Board is formed exclusively by external directors. Obviously, the share structure is of concentrate type, thus supporting the long term investment horizons