Not Available

Not AvailableThe population of the dromedary in the country has gone down from 1.1 m to 0.5 m in last 3 decades. In recent past camel milk has been recognized as a possible tool to sustain the dromedary in situ. In this context this study was carried out in 6 Bikaneri and 4 Kachchhi camels. Two teat milking was followed. The average production from front and rear teats in the morning was 903.81±15.82 and 1113.31±18.40 ml and in the evening was 615.56±14.36 and 776.11±16.76 ml respectively. The average daily milk production pooled over breeds for the initial 16 months was 3606.31±64.59 ml and for rest of the months till 24 month was 2108.64±93.49 ml. The effect of breed was nonsignificant but that of individuals was significant. Out of 10 camels 9 continued till 16 months and the 1 camel, which discontinued giving milk in 14th month, got conceived in the 12th month of lactation. Therefore the lactation in the camels was considered to be of 16 months duration. Accordingly the average lactation yield was 3462 litres. In second phase of lactation about 58% reduction in average daily milk yield was noticed. The average daily milk production was highest in third parity (4847.09±40.24 ml). The peak yield was observed in the third month of lactation. The promotion of camel milk will not only conserve this threatened species of desert ecosystem but also support the life to weaker section of the society.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableSire evaluation through estimation of breeding value was done for seven dromedary sires utilising 74 lactation records spanning over last five years. The average daily milk production (Mean ą SEM) from two-teat was 3.13 ą0. 15 litres and 300 days’ yield was 905.18 ą46. 3 litres. The effect of breed on daily milk production and 300 days’ yield was non-significant (P> 0.05) but the effect of parity was significant (P< 0.05) with highest production in third parity (3.54 ą0. 24 litres). The effect of year was also highly significant with highest average daily production in the year 2008 (4.02 ą0. 28 litres). The unadjusted two-teat average daily milk yield and the 300 days’ milk yield was utilised for the estimation of random effect due to sire and fixed effects due to parity and year after deleting records of progeny with unknown sires. The breeding values for sires used ranged from 2.88 ą0. 25 to 3.42 ą0. 23 litres for daily milk yield and 828.78 ą72. 00 to 975.93 ą67. 13 litres for 300 days’ yield. Though, the mean ą 1 standard deviation (SD) encompassed the entire range of the breeding values of all the sires evaluated, still the top ranking sires or their progeny may be preferred over others in breeding. The repeatability of average daily milk yield and 300 days ‘yield was estimated to be 0.40 and 0.39 respectively, indicating the potential use of present performance as an indicator of future performance. In order to rank the females, the production data was adjusted for the significant effects of parity and year. The overall mean ą standard deviation for the two-teat average daily yield was 3.18 ą 0.70 litres and that for 300 days’ yield was 922.9 ą 211.2 litres. The animals …Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableRecords belonging to 1231 dromedary over a span of about 27 years managed at the Centre were analysed to envisage the major threats during different stages of life in different breeds and sexes. Analysis revealed that differential breed mortality had occurred (χ2 =17.45, P0.05) but differential age group mortality had occurred (χ2 =60.009, P0.05) and the two sexes (χ2 =9.57, P>0.05). However, the involvement of different systems in causing death varied with age (χ2 =28.19, P<0.01). Therefore, appropriate preventive measures, looking at the age of the animals and system involved, would help in reducing the mortality in camels.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableRecords belonging to 1024 dromedary over a span of about 22 years managed at the centre were analysed to envisage the major threats during different stages of life in different breeds and sexes. Analyses revealed that differential breed mortality mortality Subject Category: Miscellaneous see more details had occurred (χ 2= 19.594, P 0.05). Chi-square variance test indicated highly significant effect (χ 2= 39.4574, P< 0.01) of age group on mortality. The mortality was maximum in adults above 3 years of age (0.2029) followed by 0-1 year (0.1943) and 1-3 years age group (0.0875). Of the total camels died, 38.4% died in the first year of their life followed by 13.8% in 2nd Year, 5.5, 5.5 and 5.2%, respectively in the 3rd to 5th year. Of the camels that succumb to death in the first year, 49.5% died in the first month of their life followed by 15.3% in the 2nd month, 11.7% in the 3rd month. The major threats during first year of life were identified as pneumonia pneumonia Subject Category: Diseases, Disorders, and SymptomsNot Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableThe demand driven economy is leading to production and utilization of camel milk for nutritional security of the human population. Lactation records (65) of the she-camels belonging to the Bikaneri, Kachchhi and Mewari breeds were analysed. The average daily milk production from 2 teats was 2.9±0.04 litre with 2.7±0.05 litre in Bikaneri, 3.2±0.07 litre in Kachchhi and 2.6±0.08 litre in Mewari breed. The average daily production was 2.5±0.07, 2.8±0.06, 3.2±0.07 and 3.0±0.10 litres respectively in first, second, third and fourth parity. Highest individual average daily milk yield from 2 teats was 8.06 litre. The peak yield was observed in fifth month of lactation. The average lactation yield from 4 teats was estimated to be 1,883±75, 2,239±88, 2,520±100 and 3,017±148 litre for the lactation length of 10, 12, 14 and 16 months, respectively. Two breeding and milking models were compared. Eleven mathematical functions were fitted for the prediction lactation yield and it was observed that for the sake of simplicity, the linear equation can be utilized for the purpose. The fifth month’s average daily yield gave the best predictions. Therefore, the mathematical equation Y= 106.727+ 238.597 (Y5m) can be utilized for prediction of 10 months’ lactation yield and respective equations for the lactation yields of 12, 14 and 16 months’ lactation. The persistency of lactation was 76.20, 67.07, 55.67 and 35.87% when calculated for lactation length of 10, 12, 14 and 16 months, respectively. The present observations and analyses indicated tremendous scope in dromedary to fulfill the human aspirations which may lead to its sustenance too.Not Availabl

Reproductive status of Camelus bactrianus during early breeding season in India

Objective: To study the behaviour and reproductive status of the bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). Methods: This study was conducted at two places, Government Bactrian Camel Farm, Chusoot, Leh and Hundar village, Nubra valley, India, situated at higher than 10000 feet above sea level during the month of October, said to be initial period of breeding season. Results: The uterine horns were similar to that of dromedary i.e. between T and Y shaped. The ovaries were irregular but without follicle. The male camels were not showing any symptoms of rut or breeding season but were capable of mounting and copulating the sitting female. Conclusions: There is a need to carry out more research on reproduction in Indian Bactrian camel as they have become major attraction of tourists in Nubra valley and has become an important source of livelihood for the people who inhabit high altitude regions