Characterization of CoNI-Sn catalyst for autothermal reforming methane

Autothermal reforming (ATR) is a combination of steam reforming and partial oxidation process. It is a one of the methods in producing hydrogen from natural gas. CoNiSn with different catalyst supports e.g. MgO and Al2O3 has been chose to be used on this autothermal reforming of methane (ATR). The objective of this paper is to study the bulk structure of the catalyst using Temperature Programed Reduction (TPR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). From the TPR and XRD, the addition of tin into MgO-supported catalyst will become the anti coking agent, as it will react with carbide, since it is deposited at the outer layer of the matrix CoO-NiO-MgO solid solution phase

The characterization of Ni-based catalysts for autothermal reforming process

A simple technique approach was used to characterize the structural and chemical properties of CoO-NiO catalysts supported on delta-Al2O3, HZSM-5 and MgO-Al2O3.The morphology of the catalysts was studied by X-Ray diffraction to determine the phase composition and the particle size of the catalysts. Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) reveals the formation of NiO and Co3O4 in dependence on temperature in case of catalysts supported on delta-Al2O3 and MgO-Al2O3 at higher metal loading. The catalysts supported on HZSM-5 also show appearance of NiO, CoO and Co3O4, which could lead to deactivation of the catalysts via formation of coke on the catalyst surface. The formation of NiO-CoO-MgO solid solution supported on MgO-Al2O3 exhibited stronger interaction between metal and support thus can make the catalysts more resistant to sintering and enhance the structure durability of catalyst in high temperature methane reforming process

A review on photothermal material and its usage in the development of photothermal membrane for sustainable clean water production

Tapping into solar energy seems to be a viable and sustainable solution for the ongoing global challenges of water scarcity and clean energy shortage. However, the natural mechanism of solar energy-driven water evaporation is often compromised by low evaporation rate and water and solar absorption spectrum mismatch. Therefore, localized heating on the water vapor-liquid interface by light-absorbing materials, known as photothermal materials, has been proposed. This allows the harvesting of energy from the full solar spectrum and high efficiency of light-to-heat conversion. With the emerging advances of photothermal nanomaterials and the urgent demand for a green transition of water treatment technology, the establishment of a photothermal-driven membrane distillation system has been reinvigorated, as seen by the number of publications recently. The efficiency of light absorption and light-to-heat conversion of photothermal materials are critical factors in determining the membrane performances. This review aims to assess the state-of-the-art photothermal materials, including innovative modifications that have been made. The second part is devoted to the emerging aspects and new directions of using these photothermal materials for the development of photothermal membranes. Lastly, the prospects of photothermal membrane for clean water production in the near future are also discussed