The effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacter strain on wheat yield and quality parameters

N2-fixing and P-solubilizing bacteria are important in plant nutrition increasing N and P uptake by the plants, and playing a significant role as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the biofertilization of crops. In 2007 and 2008, a field study was conducted in two different locations (Erzurum and Ispir) in the Eastern part of Turkey for investigating the effects of two N2-fixing and P-solubilizing PGPR strains alone and in combinations on plant yield and nutrient content of wheat in comparison to control and optimum and half doses of N fertilizer application under field condition. All inoculations and fertilizer applications significantly increased grain, total biomass yields, and macro and micro nutrients of wheat over the control. Mixed PGPR inoculations with the strain of OSU-142 + M3 + Azospirillum sp.245 has significantly increased grain yield of wheat as good as full doses of nitrogen. All bacterial inoculations, especially mixed inoculation, significantly increased uptake of macro-nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micro-nutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) of grain, leaf, and straw part of the plant. The data suggested that seed inoculation with OSU-142 + M3 + Azospirillum sp.245 may substitute N and P fertilizers in wheat production

A Non-Rigid Map Fusion-Based RGB-Depth SLAM Method for Endoscopic Capsule Robots

In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract endoscopy field, ingestible wireless capsule endoscopy is considered as a minimally invasive novel diagnostic technology to inspect the entire GI tract and to diagnose various diseases and pathologies. Since the development of this technology, medical device companies and many groups have made significant progress to turn such passive capsule endoscopes into robotic active capsule endoscopes to achieve almost all functions of current active flexible endoscopes. However, the use of robotic capsule endoscopy still has some challenges. One such challenge is the precise localization of such active devices in 3D world, which is essential for a precise three-dimensional (3D) mapping of the inner organ. A reliable 3D map of the explored inner organ could assist the doctors to make more intuitive and correct diagnosis. In this paper, we propose to our knowledge for the first time in literature a visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) method specifically developed for endoscopic capsule robots. The proposed RGB-Depth SLAM method is capable of capturing comprehensive dense globally consistent surfel-based maps of the inner organs explored by an endoscopic capsule robot in real time. This is achieved by using dense frame-to-model camera tracking and windowed surfelbased fusion coupled with frequent model refinement through non-rigid surface deformations

Sentiment Analysis using Twitter Dataset

Apparently Social media sites are becoming increasingly popular, it creates platforms through which organizations, communities, and individuals share and discuss various topics. The reviews and data obtained from these sites are essential for further analysis. In this paper we studied the sentiment classification of 2019 Kenyan 1000 banknote demonetization using Twitter as our source dataset. We perform Multi nominal naïve Bayes classifier algorithm to classify tweets documents. We split our dataset using k-folder validation since we had limited amounts of data, so to achieve unbiased prediction of the model. . We obtained in test data an accuracy of 70.8% when we used unigram model and 64.1% when we applied bigram model. Results show that the model reached to an acceptable accuracy of (71%) on average using unigram model.

Effects of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on yield,growth and nutrient contents in organically growing raspberry

During 2003 and 2005, plant growth promoting effects of two Bacillus strains OSU-142 (N2-fixing) and M3 (N2-fixing and phosphate solubilizing) were tested alone or in combinations on organically grown primocane fruiting raspberry (cv. Heritage) plants in terms of yield, growth, nutrient composition of leaves and variation of soil nutrient element composition in the province of Erzurum, Turkey. The results showed that Bacillus M3 treatment stimulated plant growth and resulted in significant yield increase. Inoculation of raspberry plant roots and rhizosphere with M3 and/or OSU-142 + M3, significantly increased yield (33.9% and 74.9%), cane length (13.6% and 15.0%), number of cluster per cane (25.4% and 28.7%) and number of berries per cane (25.1% and 36.0%) compared with the control, respectively. In addition, N, P and Ca contents of raspberry leaves with OSU-142 + M3 treatment, and Fe and Mn contents of the leaves of raspberry with M3 and OSU-142 + M3 applications significantly improved under organic growing conditions. Bacterial applications also significantly effected soil total N, available P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn contents and pH. Available P contents in soil was determined to be increased from 1.55 kg P2O5/da at the beginning of the study to 2.83 kg P2O5/da by OSU-142, to 5.36 kg P2O5/da by M3 and to 4.71 kg P2O5/da by OSU-142 + M3 treatments. The results of this study suggest that Bacillus M3 alone or in combination with Bacillus OSU-142 have the potential to increase the yield, growth and nutrition of raspberry plant under organic growing conditions

Freedom of Thought throughout the Ages: Evaluation of Historical Progress of Copyright in Turkey and the World

Düşünce özgürlüğü alanında gelişmeler sağlandıkça, eserlerin üretiminde ve niteliğinde olumlu artışlar gerçekleşmektedir. Bu çalışmada, düşünce özgürlüğü çerçevesinde fikri mülkiyet haklarının dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki gelişimi analiz edilmektedir. Ayrıca, çalışmada, telif haklarının anlamı ve gelişimi, bu alanda yapılmış ulusal ve uluslararası sözleşmeler ile fikri mülkiyet hakları, kütüphaneler ve matbaaların düşünce özgürlüğü üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirilmektedir. İçerik analizi yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, İlk Çağ’dan günümüze kadar fikri mülkiyet haklarının korunması konuları, bu alanda yapılan Bern, Roma gibi Dünya Fikri Mülkiyet Örgütü’nün yönettiği uluslararası sözleşmeler ve Dünya Ticaret Örgütünün yayımladığı ve yönettiği Ticaretle Bağlantılı Fikri Mülkiyet Hakları Anlaşması ve Hizmet Ticareti Genel Anlaşması incelenmektedir.Çalışma sonucunda, telif hakları konusunda İlk Çağ’da başlangıçta hiçbir düzenleme olmadığı ve büyük gecikme olsa da Kraliçe Anne Kanunu ve Fransız İhtilali’nden sonra eser sahibinin haklarının zaman içerisinde koruma altına alındığı belirlenmektedir. Türkiye’de ise 1951 yılında yayımlanan Fikir ve Sanat Eserleri Kanunu’na kadar, Osmanlı Dönemi’nde Batı’nın etkisinde gelişen 1850 tarihinde Encümen-i Daniş Nizamnamesi ile başlayan telif hakları düzenlemeleri 1910 tarihli Hakk-ı Telif Kanunu ile sona ermiştir. Ayrıca, gerek Türkiye’de gerekse küresel olarak telif hakları gelişiminde matbaanın kullanılmaya başlanmasının etkilerinin büyük olduğu sonucuna da varılmaktadır. Buna ek olarak, eserlerin korunması yanında, araştırma yapılmasında ve yeni eserlerin üretilmesinde tarih boyunca katkıları olan kütüphanelerin düşünce özgürlüğünün gelişiminde önemli etkileri vardır. Konu ile ilgili diğer araştırma bulguları çalışmanın sonunda yer almaktadır.As long as developments in the field of freedom of thought are provided, positive increases take place in production and quality of works. In this study, within the framework of freedom of thought, the development of intellectual property in the World and Turkey is analyzed. Additionally, in the study, the meaning and development of copyright, national and international agreements made in this field and the impacts of intellectual property rights, libraries and printing houses on freedom of thought are evaluated. The study, in which content analysis is used, issues about copyright protection from the Ancient Time until today, international conventions formed in this area such as Berne, Rome that World IntellectualProperty Organization administers, and Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and General Agreement on Trade in Services which World Trade Organization issues and administers, are examined. As a result of this study, it is determined that there were no regulations in terms of copyright during Ancient Times ;however, after Statute of Anne and the French Revolution, rights of the owner of the work were taken under protection despite a big delay. As for Turkey, until Law On Intellectual and Artistic Works which was issued in 1951, copyright regulations beginning with the Statute of Encümen-i Danis in 1850 and beingdeveloped under the West influence, ended with the Copyright Code dated 1910. Moreover, it is concluded that the influences of the introduction of printing press were very important in the development of copyright both in Turkey and the world. In addition to these, libraries, which have had contributions to protecting works, making research and producing works throughout the ages, have important impacts on freedom of thought. Other research findings relevant to the subject can be found at the end of the study