A Process for Extracting Knowledge in Design for the Developing World

The aim of this study was to develop the process necessary to identify design knowledge shared across product classes and contexts in Design for the Developing World. A process for extracting design knowledge in the field of Design for the Developing World was developed based on the Knowledge Discovery in Databases framework. This process was applied to extract knowledge from a sample dataset of 48 products and small-scale technologies. Unsupervised cluster analysis revealed two distinct product groups, cluster X-AA and cluster Z-AC-AD. Unique attributes of cluster XX-AA include local manufacture, local maintenance and service, human-power, distribution by a non-governmental organization, income-generation, and application in water/sanitation or agriculture sectors. The label Locally Oriented Design for the Developing World was assigned to this group based on the dominant features represented. Unique attributes of cluster Z-AC-AD include electric-power, distribution by a private organization, and application in the health or energy/communication sectors. The label Globally Oriented Design for the Developing World was assigned to this group. These findings were corroborated by additional analyses that suggest certain design knowledge is shared across classes and contexts within groups of products. The results suggest that at least two of these groups exist, which can serve as an initial framework for organizing the literature related to inter-context and inter-class design knowledge. Design knowledge was extracted from each group by collecting known approaches, principles, and methods from available literature. This knowledge may be applied as design guidance in future work by identifying a product group corresponding to the design scenario and sourcing the related set of knowledge

Implementing a Bottom of the Pyramid Eye Care Solution

Eighty-nine percent of the world’s visually impaired live in low-income regions (IAPB/WHO), and uncorrected refractive errors are the main cause of moderate and severe visual impairment. Poor eye care in developing nations hinders development and advancement by creating barriers to education and labor inefficiencies. In some developing countries, few individuals can afford, or even have access to, corrective eye care. We propose the global eye care problem can be addressed using bottom of the pyramid thinking