THE BOUNDARIES OF THE FIRM. THE CASE OF OIL INDUSTRY IN ROMANIA

The economic theory of the firm has met an exponential growth in the last decades different from the traditional neoclassical approach. In the first part of the paper we are skimming through the most spread approaches, namely the theory of incomplete contracts and evolutionary school. In the second part we apply the explications on integration provided by the economics of transaction costs with an example on the oil industry in Romania. A brief qualitative analysis reaches out the conclusion that cutting transaction and agency costs is one of the factors that leads to integration within the studied sector.Transaction Cost, Agency Theory, Oil

Chemical composition evaluation of some flour mixtures with high nutritional value

Cereals, fruits and vegetables have interesting nutritional properties and their inclusion in the diet is encouraged, their incorporation in bakery products could be a good way to increase consumption. In this study, the influence of the partial replacement of wheat flour (WF) with four types of flour: rye flour (RF), whole rye flour (WRF), quinoa flour (QF), buckwheat flour (BF) and goji fruit GFr) in eight mixtures obtained therefrom, was analyzed. The wheat flour was blended with rye flour, whole rye flour, quinoa flour, buckwheat flour and goji fruit in the ratios of 25:25:25:25 and 25:50:25. The studied samples were subjected to the following analyzes: determination of moisture, protein content, ash content, fat content, fiber content and total carbohydrate content. The resulting mixtures had high protein content (12.35% at M7 and 13.30% at M2), fiber (4.11% at M5 and 7.76% at M4), ash (1.79% at M8 and 2.15% at M1) fat (1.63% at M8 and 3.57% at M1) and low carbohydrates (62.35% at M2 and 65.68% at M7) and moisture ranged between 11.20% at M7 and 12.37% at M2. This study determined the optimum proportions to form these high nutritional flour mixtures. Centralizing the data obtained in this study, the high nutrient intake of the analyzed mixtures can be seen, and on the basis of these, we can recommend their use on the industrial scale in the recipes for the production of finely produced products with superior nutritional value

Chemical composition of some flour mixtures with high nutritional value

The objectives of this study were to optimize high nutritional blends obtained by partial substitution of white wheat flour 550 (WWF) with rye flour (RF), oat flour (OF), quinoa flour (CF) and maize flour, respectively, and assessing the impact of using these mixtures on the sensory qualities of multigrain bread. WWF has been substituted by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% RF, OF, QF and MF, respectively. As for flours and flours mixtures, the following determinations were carried out: moisture, protein content, ash content, fat content, fiber content, and total carbohydrate content. The resulting mixtures had high protein content (11.23% at M6 and 11.91% at M3), fiber (2.71% at M6 and 3.68% at M1), ash (1.28% at M6 and 1.70% at M3) fat (2.61% at M6 and 3.42% at M1) and low carbohydrates (65.74% at M1 and 68.02% at M6) and moisture ranged between 13.77% at M1 and 14.15% at M6. Based on the obtained results regarding the physic-chemical composition of the M1 ÷ M6 mixtures, it can be appreciated that all these mixtures are suitable for being used in obtaining bakery products (multigrain bread) according to the established substitution amounts, because all the results obtained for the nutritional and quality parameters had the values closest to the daily nutritional needs of the human body for good development and function

CHALLENGES OF AGRICULTURAL COMPANIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY AND FUNDING ACCES

The development of agriculture was a priority for the member states of the European Union since its foundation, the Common Agricultural Policy being one of the most ancient politics at the European level. Agriculture is a sector which has a special economic and social importance for Romania. The paper aimed to identify the challenges of the agricultural companies from the perspective of labour productivity and funding access. In this respect, a series of economic indicators as the contribution of agriculture to GDP, the value of agricultural production, the evolution of reference interest rate, the evolution of credits for agriculture, were studied. the conclusion was that in order to improve labour productivity, it is needed a higher qualification of the occupied population in agriculture and the significant improvement of technological endowment of this sector and, from the point of view of funding access, it is necessary the continuous support of the companies which carry out their activity in agriculture, but not only by the diminution of difference interest rate

The Boundaries Of The Firm. The Case Of Oil Industry In Romania

The economic theory of the firm has met an exponential growth in the last decades different from the traditional neoclassical approach. In the first part of the paper we are skimming through the most spread approaches, namely the theory of incomplete contracts and evolutionary school. In the second part we apply the explications on integration provided by the economics of transaction costs with an example on the oil industry in Romania. A brief qualitative analysis reaches out the conclusion that cutting transaction and agency costs is one of the factors that leads to integration within the studied sector

Oxidative Stress in Military Missions—Impact and Management Strategies: A Narrative Analysis

This narrative review comprehensively examines the impact of oxidative stress on military personnel, highlighting the crucial role of physical exercise and tailored diets, particularly the ketogenic diet, in minimizing this stress. Through a meticulous analysis of the recent literature, the study emphasizes how regular physical exercise not only enhances cardiovascular, cognitive, and musculoskeletal health but is also essential in neutralizing the effects of oxidative stress, thereby improving endurance and performance during long-term missions. Furthermore, the implementation of the ketogenic diet provides an efficient and consistent energy source through ketone bodies, tailored to the specific energy requirements of military activities, and significantly contributes to the reduction in reactive oxygen species production, thus protecting against cellular deterioration under extreme stress. The study also underlines the importance of integrating advanced technologies, such as wearable devices and smart sensors that allow for the precise and real-time monitoring of oxidative stress and physiological responses, thus facilitating the customization of training and nutritional regimes. Observations from this review emphasize significant variability among individuals in responses to oxidative stress, highlighting the need for a personalized approach in formulating intervention strategies. It is crucial to develop and implement well-monitored, personalized supplementation protocols to ensure that each member of the military personnel receives a regimen tailored to their specific needs, thereby maximizing the effectiveness of measures to combat oxidative stress. This analysis makes a valuable contribution to the specialized literature, proposing a detailed framework for addressing oxidative stress in the armed forces and opening new directions for future research with the aim of optimizing clinical practices and improving the health and performance of military personnel under stress and specific challenges of the military field