Variations of lobes and fissures in human fetal lung: a cadaveric study

The human lungs are divided by fissures into lobes, which facilitate movements of lobes in relation to one another. Anatomical variations of lungs including number, fissures and lobes are at utmost important. The study was done to note the morphological variation of the fissures and lobes in fetal lungs. 62 human fetuses from 12 weeks to 40 weeks of gestational age were collected from the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Clinic Hospital , after getting formal permission from the concern authority/ persons and the Institutional Ethics Committee. After fixation in 10% formalin, fetuses were dissected and both lungs were removed for examinations. On the right side, 8 specimens showed incomplete oblique fissure, 39 specimens showed incomplete horizontal fissure, 1 specimen showed absence of horizontal fissure and 9 specimens showed superior accessory fissure. On the left side, 5 specimens showed incomplete oblique fissure and the left minor fissure was seen in 8 specimens. Knowledge of lobes and fissures in a particular population might help the clinician during diagnosis and partial resection of lungs. This may reduce morbidity and mortality associated with lung disease

Anatomical Features and Clinical Importance of the Vertebral Artery

Abstract The vertebral artery and its branches are target of arteriographic investigations, ultrasound and Doppler visualization, MRI and CT imaging in many contemporary diagnostic procedures. The big horizon of procedures in the interventional and diagnostic radiology, orthopedic and surgery opens new avenues for the study of anatomy and especially variations of the vertebral artery and its branches. The aim of the present report is to give a summary of the vertebral artery anatomy as well as its variations, and to emphasize there clinical importance

Pelvi-caliceal system on pig kidney: a model for urologyc procedures in human medicine

The aim of the study was to establish a valid experimental model of pig kidney that can be used in experimental works in human medicine. The pig kidney collecting system was morphologically investigated on total 72 three dimensional silicones S10 corrosion endocast. Morphometrical evaluation was performed on caudal pole collecting system anatomy considering the caudal infidibular length, caudal infidibular width and caudal infidibulopelvic angle. The morphology on pelvi-caliceal system showed two different morphological forms witch in 52.77% of cases were bilateral symmetric. The caudal infidibular length was 3.09sm and the infidibular width was measured on 0.66mm. The extent of caudal infidibulopelvic angle measured between infidibular and pelvi-uretral axis was 50.14 o degrees. According the results in this study, there are many similarities in collecting system morphology between pig and human kidney. The resemblances in collecting system anatomy conduce to conclusion that the pig kidney is good animal model that could be used for urological procedures in the field of experimental human medicine